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European hake - Aegean Sea
Fact Sheet Title  Fact Sheet
Stock status report 2021
European hake - Aegean Sea
Fact Sheet Citation  
Merluccius merluccius - Aegean Sea (GSA 22)
Owned byGeneral Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) – ownership
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Species List:
Species Ref: en - European hake, fr - Merlu européen, es - Merluza europea, ru - Мерлуза восточноатлантическая

Fishery Indicators
Production: Catch
ident Block European hake - Aegean Sea
Aq Res
Biological Stock: No         Value: Sub-Regional
Reference year: 2019
 
 
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State Trend Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State TrendPossibly in overexploitationNot applicable
Aq Res State TrendNot applicable
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State TrendNot applicable

Possibly in overexploitation.
[The GFCM methodology to provide stock status and management advice is described in the Appendix F of the Sixteenth Session of the Scientific Advisory Committee Report. See the Bibliography section.]
Habitat Bio
Climatic Zone: Temperate.   Bottom Type: Soft bottom; Hard bottom.   Depth Zone: Shelf (50 m - 200 m); Slope (200 m - 1000 m).   Horizontal Dist: Neritic.   Vertical Dist: Demersal/Benthic.  

Water Area Overview
Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional

Water Area Overview
Aq Res Struct
Biological Stock: No


Stock assessment in the GFCM area of application is often conducted by management units, based on GSAs. This method does not ensure that the whole stock is assessed, since stocks may cover several different management units. In some cases, when there is scientific evidence of a stock spreading through different GSAs, as well as information on species from different GSAs, existing information is combined across GSAs. This is then defined as a “joint stock assessment of a shared stock”. The GFCM recommends that when scientific evidence of shared stocks exists, joint stock assessments should be attempted. A number of activities aimed at achieving a better definition of stock boundaries are currently being conducted at the GFCM level. [The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries, 2016]
Exploit
 

European hake is one of the most important fish stocks in GSA 22 for bottom trawlers, nets and longlines. The stock is distributed in depths between 50 m and 1000 m, with a peak in abundance between 200 m and 300 m. The majority of landings (~60 percent ) is coming from bottom trawlers. The Greek bottom trawl fishery has multi-species characteristics and similarly to most Mediterranean demersal trawl fisheries, captures more than 100 commercial species. However, European hake together with red mullets and shrimps compose the main bulk of landings.
Fishery Indicators
TypeMeasureValueUnitTime period
ProductionCatch 1 909.46tonnes2003
Catch 3 111.66tonnes2004
Catch 3 890.32tonnes2005
Catch 4 173.97tonnes2006
Catch 4 023.65tonnes2007
Catch 4 181.13tonnes2008
Catch 3 983.49tonnes2009
Catch 3 639.78tonnes2010
Catch 3 222.99tonnes2011
Catch 3 105.28tonnes2012
Catch 3 051.17tonnes2013
Catch 2 668.06tonnes2014
Catch 2 546.58tonnes2015
Catch 2 768.89tonnes2016
Catch 3 213.02tonnes2017
Catch 3 336.47tonnes2018
Catch 3 676.52tonnes2019
Bio Assess
 
Data

Biological information on growth, such as the von Bertalanffy parameters, as well the length-weight relationship were derived within DCF. Natural mortality vector was estimated using the Chen and Watanabe method while the proportion of mature individuals at age was based on recent bibliography. The official landings data as reported through the HELSTAT were used in the assessment. Catch-at-size data, as reported in DCF, were used in the assessment. Both catch numbers at length and index number at length were sliced using the l2a age slicing function of FLR.
Assess Models
Type:  Age-structured
a4a
Results

In the most recent years, biomass has shown increasing trends, while F has shown a constant decreasing trend since 2007.
Sci Advice

Reduce fishing mortality.
Sources
 
FAO. 2021. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM). Report of the twenty-second session of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries, online, 22–25 June 2021. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1347. Rome. Click to openhttps://www.fao.org/3/cb7622en/cb7622en.pdf
Report of the Working Group on Stock Assessment of Demersal Species (WGSAD). Online, 18–23 January 2021. Click to openhttps://www.fao.org/gfcm/technical-meetings/detail/en/c/1412431/
GFCM Stock Assessment Results (STAR) for european hake in GSA 22 (reporting year: 2021). Click to openhttps://gfcm.sharepoint.com/EG/_layouts/15/download.aspx?share=EVDx1Grbf1BAu5kd2HKkT_ABmP2G6iB7mi0-82vulpcS3w
Bibliography
 
FAO. 2020. The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2020. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome. Click to openhttps://www.fao.org/3/cb2427en/cb2427en.pdf
FAO. 2016. The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome, Italy. Click to openhttps://www.fao.org/3/i5496e/i5496e.pdf
FAO General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean/Commission générale des pêches pour la Méditerranée. Report of the sixteenth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee. St. Julian’s, Malta, 17–20 March 2014/Rapport de la seizième session du Comité scientifique consultatif. Saint Julien, Malte, Malte, 17-20 mars 2014. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report/FAO Rapport sur les pêches et l’aquaculture. No. R1102. Rome. 2015. 250 pp. Click to openhttps://www.fao.org/3/i4381b/i4381b.pdf
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) Stock Assessment Results (STAR). Click to openhttps://www.fao.org/gfcm/data/star/en/
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