In overexploitation.
[The GFCM methodology to provide stock status and management advice is described in the Appendix F of the Sixteenth Session of the Scientific Advisory Committee Report. See the Bibliography section.]

Stock assessment in the GFCM area of application is often conducted by management units, based on GSAs. This method does not ensure that the whole stock is assessed, since stocks may cover several different management units. In some cases, when there is scientific evidence of a stock spreading through different GSAs, as well as information on species from different GSAs, existing information is combined across GSAs. This is then defined as a “joint stock assessment of a shared stock”. The GFCM recommends that when scientific evidence of shared stocks exists, joint stock assessments should be attempted. A number of activities aimed at achieving a better definition of stock boundaries are currently being conducted at the GFCM level. [The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries, 2016]

The stock is exploited by various Greek fleet segments, including bottom trawlers and small-scale fisheries using gillnets and demersal longlines. The majority of landings (~60 percent ) is coming from bottom trawlers. The Greek bottom trawl fishery has multi-species characteristics and similarly to most Mediterranean demersal trawl fisheries, captures more than 100 commercial species. However, European hake together with red mullets and shrimps compose the main bulk of landings. European hake alone comprises 5-15 percent of the total landings in the Ionian Sea.