European hake - Corsica, Ligurian Sea and Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia|
| Fact Sheet Title Fact Sheet |
| | | European hake - Corsica, Ligurian Sea and Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia |
 | Merluccius merluccius - Corsica, Ligurian Sea and Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia (GSAs 8-11) |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) , is part of GFCM Stock Status Reports data collection. |
| | ident Block | ident Block | | | | Species List: | | Species Ref: en - European hake, fr - Merlu européen, es - Merluza europea, ru - Мерлуза восточноатлантическая |
Fishery IndicatorsProduction: Catch; Landed Volume |
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| ident Block European hake - Corsica, Ligurian Sea and Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia
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| gfcm Sub Area |
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| 8 | Corsica Island |
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| 9 | Ligurian Sea and North Tyrrhenian Sea |
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| 10 | Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea |
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| 11 | Sardinia |
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| | Aq Res | Biological Stock: No
Value: Sub-Regional
Reference year: 2019 |
| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is
declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is
effectively the focus for the application of selected
management methods and measures, within the broader
framework of a management system. According to the FAO
Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management
Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery
identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant
to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be
organised around fisheries biological, geographic,
economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions ,
and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management
unit depends mainly on the FMP's management
objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g.
"shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic
resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic
resource according to the environmental group (e.g.
pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the
species belong. |
| Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | | | Aq Res State Trend In overexploitation. [The GFCM methodology to provide stock status and management advice is described in the Appendix F of the Sixteenth Session of the Scientific Advisory Committee Report. See the Bibliography section.] Habitat Bio Climatic Zone: Temperate. Bottom Type: Soft bottom; Hard bottom. Depth Zone: Shelf (50 m - 200 m); Slope (200 m - 1000 m). Horizontal Dist: Neritic. Vertical Dist: Demersal/Benthic. Water Area Overview Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional Water Area Overview  | | Water Area Overview European hake - Corsica, Ligurian Sea and Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia
| gfcm Sub Area | 8: Corsica Island | | 9: Ligurian Sea and North Tyrrhenian Sea | | 10: Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea | | 11: Sardinia |
| | | | | | Water Area Overview
| fao Div | 37.1.1: Balearic | | 37.1.3: Sardinia |
| | | | | | Water Area Overview |
Water Area OverviewEuropean hake - Corsica, Ligurian Sea and Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern and Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia Aq Res Struct Biological Stock: No Stock assessment in the GFCM area of application is often conducted by management units, based on GSAs. This method does not ensure that the whole stock is assessed, since stocks may cover several different management units. In some cases, when there is scientific evidence of a stock spreading through different GSAs, as well as information on species from different GSAs, existing information is combined across GSAs. This is then defined as a “joint stock assessment of a shared stock”. The GFCM recommends that when scientific evidence of shared stocks exists, joint stock assessments should be attempted. A number of activities aimed at achieving a better definition of stock boundaries are currently being conducted at the GFCM level. [The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries, 2016] Exploit European hake is one of the main target species in terms of landings, incomes and vessel involved in the area. In GSAs 9 and 10, it is mainly exploited by trawlers on the shelf and slope, but also by small-scale fisheries using set nets (gillnets and trammel nets) and bottom longlines. In GSA 11, although European hake is not the target of a specific fishery, it is one of the most important species in terms of biomass landed. It is caught exclusively by a mixed bottom trawl fishery that operates at depth between 50 m and 800 m. No gillnet or longline fleets target this species, but it can be found as bycatch of gillnet fleets targeting other species. In Corsica (GSA 8), six trawlers are active and their average length is 15 m; these vessels operate with bottom trawls nets along the eastern coasts of Corsica targeting demersal species (Norway lobster, striped red mullet, deep water rose shrimp, etc.). Fishery Indicators | Type | Measure | Value | Unit | Time period |
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| Production | Catch | 4 330.69 | tonnes | 2005 | | Catch | 4 803.85 | tonnes | 2006 | | Catch | 3 701.45 | tonnes | 2007 | | Catch | 3 041.89 | tonnes | 2008 | | Catch | 3 578.52 | tonnes | 2009 | | Catch | 3 333.66 | tonnes | 2010 | | Catch | 3 772.29 | tonnes | 2011 | | Catch | 2 616.65 | tonnes | 2012 | | Catch | 2 903.43 | tonnes | 2013 | | Catch | 2 920.95 | tonnes | 2014 | | Catch | 2 687 | tonnes | 2015 | | Catch | 2 649 | tonnes | 2016 | | Catch | 2 105.1 | tonnes | 2017 | | Catch | 2 119.53 | tonnes | 2018 | | Catch | 2 196.96 | tonnes | 2019 | | Landed Volume | 3 757.1 | tonnes | 2005 | | Landed Volume | 4 076.6 | tonnes | 2006 | | Landed Volume | 3 186.3 | tonnes | 2007 | | Landed Volume | 2 597.8 | tonnes | 2008 | | Landed Volume | 2 674.6 | tonnes | 2009 | | Landed Volume | 2 984.4 | tonnes | 2010 | | Landed Volume | 2 920.9 | tonnes | 2011 | | Landed Volume | 2 307.8 | tonnes | 2012 | | Landed Volume | 2 593.1 | tonnes | 2013 | | Landed Volume | 2 593.6 | tonnes | 2014 | | Landed Volume | 2 323.4 | tonnes | 2015 | | Landed Volume | 2 213.2 | tonnes | 2016 | | Landed Volume | 1 813.9 | tonnes | 2017 | | Landed Volume | 1 838.3 | tonnes | 2018 | | Landed Volume | 1 951 | tonnes | 2019 |
Bio Assess Data Landings data were reported to the benchmark meeting through the official European Union DCF data provided by Italy. In GSAs 9, 10 and 11, most of the landings come from otter trawling. The contribution of set nets to the total landing is around 30 percent in GSAs 9 and 10; longlines in GSA 10 contribute for around 15 percent of the total landings. In GSA 11, landing data come exclusively from the bottom trawl fishery. In GSA 8, catch data, proceeding from the limited number of trawlers cover only the period 2009-2019. Landings are very low in all the years where data are available and the discards are not included in the catch because no information is available. Reconstructed data were estimated from 2005 to 2008, considering an average of the available information. Discards data were not available in GSAs 9, 10 and 11 for some years, therefore they were estimated using an average proportion between landings and discards computed from the available years. Taking advantage of the age-length data collected under European Union DCR/DCF, two sets of von Bertalanffy growth function VBGF parameters were computed by sex using the (FSA) package available in R (Ogle, 2016). In order to obtain an estimate of t0 close to 0, data of age and length of juveniles coming from studies on otolith daily rings (Belcari et al., 2006; Ligas et al., 2015) were added to the data sets. Length-weight relationship parameters were estimated by sex as the average of those available in GSAs 9, 10, 11 under European Union DCR/DCF. No biological data are available for European hake in GSA 8. Using the selected VBGF parameters a combined vector of proportion of matures at age was estimated starting from the vectors of maturity at length available under the European Union DCR/DCF. The selected VBGF and length-weight (LW) relationship parameters were used to estimate a range of M vectors using different models and empirical formulas, as agreed during the benchmark meeting. MEDITS data from 2005 to 2019 were used to compute the tuning information to be used in the assessment. Assess Models Type: Age-structured a4a SCAA (a4a; FLR: http://flr-project.org), FLBRP package for yield per recruit analysis and Flash package for short-term forecast. Results The results show a decreasing pattern of fishing mortality, even though the value in 2019 (Fbar1-3 = 0.67) is still well above the reference point (F0.1 = 0.16) used as proxy for FMSY , with a ratio of 3.56. SSB and recruitment show a decreasing pattern, with an increase in recent years. Sci Advice Reduce fishing mortality. Partial Fs and STF available. Sources FAO. 2021. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM). Report of the twenty-second session of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries, online, 22–25 June 2021. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1347. Rome.  https://www.fao.org/3/cb7622en/cb7622en.pdfReport of the Working Group on Stock Assessment of Demersal Species (WGSAD). Online, 18–23 January 2021.  https://www.fao.org/gfcm/technical-meetings/detail/en/c/1412431/ Bibliography FAO. 2020. The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2020. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/cb2427en/cb2427en.pdfFAO. 2016. The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome, Italy. https://www.fao.org/3/i5496e/i5496e.pdfFAO General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean/Commission générale des pêches pour la Méditerranée. Report of the sixteenth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee. St. Julian’s, Malta, 17–20 March 2014/Rapport de la seizième session du Comité scientifique consultatif. Saint Julien, Malte, Malte, 17-20 mars 2014. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report/FAO Rapport sur les pêches et l’aquaculture. No. R1102. Rome. 2015. 250 pp. https://www.fao.org/3/i4381b/i4381b.pdfGeneral Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) Stock Assessment Results (STAR). https://www.fao.org/gfcm/data/star/en/ |
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