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Marine Resource Fact Sheet |
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Jack mackerel - Southeast Pacific |
| Data Ownership | This document provided, maintained and owned by South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO) , is part of SPRFMO Stocks Status Reports data collection. |
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Monitoring periodThis marine resource is reported in FIRMS from 1970. Related observations | Locate in inventory | | Species: | FAO Names: en - Chilean jack mackerel, fr - Chinchard du Chili, es - Jurel chileno, ru - Ставрида перуанская |
Fishery IndicatorsProduction: Catch |
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| Geographic extent of Jack mackerel - Southeast Pacific
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FAO Major Fishing Areas |
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87 | Pacific, Southeast |
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Main Descriptors | Considered a single stock: Yes
Spatial Scale: Regional Management unit: Yes
Reference year: 2018
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Considered a single stock: A group of individuals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. It can be affected by random dispersal movements and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity. |
Spatial Scale: Spatial scale contains a standard term such as Global, Regional (e.g. for the whole Atlantic), sub-regional (e.g. for a part of the Atlantic), national, local (for sub-national levels). |
Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is
declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is
effectively the focus for the application of selected
management methods and measures, within the broader
framework of a management system. According to the FAO
Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management
Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery
identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant
to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be
organised around fisheries biological, geographic,
economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions ,
and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management
unit depends mainly on the FMP's management
objectives. |
Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g.
"shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic
resource related with its spatial distribution. |
Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic
resource according to the environmental group (e.g.
pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the
species belong. |
Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | Biological State and Trend The conditions for the jack mackerel stock continue to improve in general. The Scientific Committee discussed the outcomes of the Assessment Workshop held in May 2018, focusing on reviewing new data sources and evaluating the model assumptions, leading to a “full” assessment and concluding with a preferred assessment configuration. This new information reduced previous estimates of recruitment such that the projected stock increase was somewhat moderated. Fishing mortality rates in the past three years decreased and this, along with a modest improvement in recruitment, contributed to an estimated increase in biomass. Habitat and Biology Climatic zone: Temperate. Horizontal distribution: Oceanic. Vertical distribution: Pelagic. Geographical Distribution Jurisdictional distribution: Straddling between High Seas and EEZ Geo References  | Geographic extent of Jack mackerel - Southeast Pacific
FAO Major Fishing Areas | 87: Pacific, Southeast |
| | | | Intersecting Major FAO areas and LME areas |
The following area codes have been found as intersecting the distribution of Jack mackerel - Southeast Pacific FAO Major Fishing Areas | 87:
Pacific, Southeast | Large Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) | 11: Pacific Central American Coast | 13: Humboldt Current |
Resource Structure Considered a single stock: Yes The Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi, Nichols 1920) is widespread throughout the South Pacific, along the shelf and oceanic waters adjacent to Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, and across the South Pacific along the Subtropical Convergence Zone in what has been described as the “jack mackerel belt” that goes from the coast of Chile to New Zealand within a 35˚ to 50˚ S variable band across the South Pacific. Exploitation Fishery Indicators Type | Measure | Value | Unit | Time period |
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Production | Catch | 116705 | tonnes | 1970 | Catch | 167631 | tonnes | 1971 | Catch | 111285 | tonnes | 1972 | Catch | 164376 | tonnes | 1973 | Catch | 322723 | tonnes | 1974 | Catch | 299104 | tonnes | 1975 | Catch | 396458 | tonnes | 1976 | Catch | 848071 | tonnes | 1977 | Catch | 1024764 | tonnes | 1978 | Catch | 1301611 | tonnes | 1979 | Catch | 1316363 | tonnes | 1980 | Catch | 1944670 | tonnes | 1981 | Catch | 2371611 | tonnes | 1982 | Catch | 1870262 | tonnes | 1983 | Catch | 2686902 | tonnes | 1984 | Catch | 2370934 | tonnes | 1985 | Catch | 2072848 | tonnes | 1986 | Catch | 2679764 | tonnes | 1987 | Catch | 3245699 | tonnes | 1988 | Catch | 3547077 | tonnes | 1989 | Catch | 3714757 | tonnes | 1990 | Catch | 3777618 | tonnes | 1991 | Catch | 3361674 | tonnes | 1992 | Catch | 3369598 | tonnes | 1993 | Catch | 4274793 | tonnes | 1994 | Catch | 4955186 | tonnes | 1995 | Catch | 4378844 | tonnes | 1996 | Catch | 3597117 | tonnes | 1997 | Catch | 2025758 | tonnes | 1998 | Catch | 1423447 | tonnes | 1999 | Catch | 1540318 | tonnes | 2000 | Catch | 2527725 | tonnes | 2001 | Catch | 1750077 | tonnes | 2002 | Catch | 1797229 | tonnes | 2003 | Catch | 1934411 | tonnes | 2004 | Catch | 1754673 | tonnes | 2005 | Catch | 2020136 | tonnes | 2006 | Catch | 1996975 | tonnes | 2007 | Catch | 1472631 | tonnes | 2008 | Catch | 1283473 | tonnes | 2009 | Catch | 726573 | tonnes | 2010 | Catch | 634800 | tonnes | 2011 | Catch | 454746 | tonnes | 2012 | Catch | 353120 | tonnes | 2013 | Catch | 410703 | tonnes | 2014 | Catch | 394332 | tonnes | 2015 | Catch | 389067 | tonnes | 2016 | Catch | 404609 | tonnes | 2017 | Catch | 472966 | tonnes | 2018 |
Assessment Level of uncertainty: Low A statistical catch-at-age model is used to evaluate the jack mackerel stocks. The JJM (“Joint Jack Mackerel Model”) is implemented in ADMB and considers different types of information, which corresponds to the available data of the jack mackerel fishery in the South Pacific area from 1970 to 2018. The operational population dynamics model is defined by the standard catch equation with various modifications such as those described by Fournier and Archibald (1982), Hilborn and Walters (1992) and Schnute and Richards (1995). This model was adopted as assessment method in 2010 after several technical meetings. Data Catch-at-Age, Catch-at-Length, Landings by Fleet (5), CPUE, Acoustic, DEPM Assessment Model Type: Age-structured Joint Jack Mackerel Model (JJM) The JJM model is an explicit age-structured model that uses a forward projection approach and maximum likelihood estimation to solve for model parameters. The model can be considered to consist of several components, (i) the dynamics of the stock; (ii) the fishery dynamics; (iii) observation models for the data; and (iv) the procedure used for parameter estimation (including uncertainties). Stock dynamics: recruitment is considered to occur in January while the spawning season is considered as an instantaneous process at mid-November. The population’s age composition considers individuals from 1 to 12+ years old for the single stock hypothesis as well as for the southern stock in the two-stock hypothesis, while for the northern stock 1 to 8+ years old are considered. Overall Assessment Results New data and indicators on the status of the jack mackerel stock suggest that conditions evaluated in detail from the last benchmark assessment (completed in 2018) are relatively unchanged. The population trend is estimated to be increasing. The indications of stock improvement (higher abundance observed in the acoustic survey in the northern part of Chile, better catch rates apparent in some fisheries, and increase in average age in the Chilean fisheries) drive the increase. Near term spawning biomass is expected to increase from the 2018 estimate of 4.8 million t to 5.6 million t in 2019 (with approximate 90% confidence bounds of 4.5 – 7.0 million t). Scientific Advice Recent increases in the theoretical BMSY values (estimated in the model; likely due to changes in selectivity of all fisheries combined) would imply a ratio of about 70% of BMSY. This indicates that under the rebuilding plan, the status quo fishing mortality would apply resulting in catch levels at or below 591 kt. Management Management unit: Yes At least five units of T. murphyi associated to distinct fisheries are identified in the Southeast Pacific: the Ecuadorian fishery, which is managed as part of a more general pelagic fishery within the Ecuadorian EEZ; the Peruvian fishery, which is managed as part of a jack mackerel, mackerel and sardine fishery directed exclusively for direct human consumption taking place almost entirely within the Peruvian EEZ; the northern and the central-southern Chilean fisheries which are managed as separate management units, with the northern fishery being mostly within Chilean EEZ and the central-southern Chilean fishery which straddles the Chilean EEZ and the adjacent high sea; and, the purely high sea fishery which is a multinational fishery being managed entirely within the context of the SPRFMO (it should be noted that Chile has given its express consent for the SPRFMO jack mackerel CMM to be also applied inside its EEZ). Source of information SPRFMO. 2018. Report of the sixth meeting of the Scientific Committee, Puerto Varas, Chile, 9-14 September 2018. http://www.sprfmo.int/assets/2018-SC6/SPRFMO-SC6-Report.pdfSPRFMO. 2014. Information describing Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) fisheries relating to the South Pacific Regional Fishery Management Organisation. http://www.sprfmo.int/assets/Fisheries/Species-Profiles/SC-01-23-rev2-Jack-Mackerel-species-profile-pdf.pdfAll references to figures, tables and bibliography in the text are found within the source of information. |
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