Thorny skate - Grand Bank|
| Fact Sheet Title Fact Sheet |
| | | Thorny skate - Grand Bank |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) , is part of NAFO Summary Sheets data collection. |
| | ident Block | ident Block | | | | Species List: | | Species Ref: en - Starry ray, fr - Raie radiée, es - Raya radiante, ar - شِفنين بحري شعاعية, zh - 辐鳐 |
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| ident Block Thorny skate - Grand Bank Aq Res Ident Aq Res Ident Aq Res Ident | fao Div |
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| 21.3.L | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.L |
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| 21.3.N | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.N |
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| 21.3.O | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.O |
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| | Aq Res | Value: Regional
Management Unit: Management Unit
Reference Year: 2021 |
| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is
declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is
effectively the focus for the application of selected
management methods and measures, within the broader
framework of a management system. According to the FAO
Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management
Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery
identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant
to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be
organised around fisheries biological, geographic,
economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions ,
and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management
unit depends mainly on the FMP's management
objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g.
"shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic
resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic
resource according to the environmental group (e.g.
pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the
species belong. |
| | | | | | Aq Res State Trend The stock was above Blim in 2019. No new survey information is available to determine stock status. However, due to the longevity of the species and the stability of the catch in recent years, it is unlikely that there have been major changes to the state of the stock. Recruitment was average in 2019 and is currently unknown. Fishing mortality is currently unknown but thought to be low. Habitat Bio Climatic Zone: Temperate. Bottom Type: Unspecified. Depth Zone: Slope-Deepslope 500-1000m. Horizontal Dist: Neritic. Vertical Dist: Demersal/Benthic. Geo Dist Geo Dist: Straddling between High Seas and EEZ Water Area Overview Spatial Scale: Spatial Scale Water Area Overview  | | Water Area Overview Thorny skate - Grand Bank
| fao Div | 21.3.L: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.L | | 21.3.N: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.N | | 21.3.O: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.O |
| | | | | | Water Area Overview |
Water Area OverviewThorny skate - Grand Bank Exploit Thorny skate is caught in directed gillnet, trawl and long-line fisheries. In directed thorny skate fisheries, Atlantic cod, monkfish, American plaice and other species are landed as bycatch. In turn, thorny skate are also caught as bycatch in gillnet, trawl and long-line fisheries directing for other species. The fishery in NAFO division 3LNO is regulated by quota. Recent catch estimates and TACs are: Effects of the fishery on the ecosystemThe impact of bottom fishing activities on major VMEs in the NRA was last assessed in 2021. The risk of Significant Adverse Impacts (SAIs) on sponge and large gorgonian VMEs was assessed to be low, while this risk for sea pen VMEs has been assessed as intermediate. The risks of SAIs on small gorgonian, black coral, bryozoan and sea squirt VMEs were assessed as high. This assessment of impacts of bottom fishing activities on VMEs does not include waters within coastal states jurisdictions. Within the Grand Bank (3LNO) EPU areas in Div. 3O and 3L have been closed to fishing to protect corals. Bio Assess Results Ref Point Blim defined from survey indices as Bloss (NAFO SCS 15/12). Assess Models Analytical assessment Results Based upon a qualitative evaluation of stock biomass trends and recruitment indices. The assessment is considered data limited and, as such, associated with a relatively high uncertainty. Input data are research survey indices and fishery data. The next full assessment of this stock will be in 2024. RecruitmentBiomassFishing MortalityHuman impactMainly fishery related mortality has been documented. Mortality from other human sources (e.g. pollution, shipping, oil-industry) are undocumented. Biological and environmental interactionsThorny skate are found over a broad range of depths (down to 840 m) and bottom temperatures (-1.7 - 11.5ºC). Thorny skate feed on a wide variety of prey species, mostly on crustaceans and fish. Recent studies have found that polychaete worms and shrimp dominate the diet of thorny skates in Div. 3LNO, while hyperiids, snow crabs, sand lance, and euphausiids are also important prey items. The Grand Bank (3LNO) EPU continues to experience low overall productivity conditions, and total biomass remains well below pre-collapse levels. However, recent warming, earlier phytoplankton spring bloom, and an increase in the proportion of energy-rich copepod species may have positive effects on total ecosystem production in the coming years. Sci Advice Special commentsThe life history characteristics of thorny skate result in low rates of population growth and are thought to lead to low resilience to fishing mortality. Management Management: Management Advice Recommendation for 2023-2024The stock has been stable at recent catch levels in Div. 3LNO (approximately 3 710 t, 2017 - 2021) however, given the low resilience to fishing mortality and higher historic stock levels, Scientific Council advises no increase in catches. Objectives No explicit management plan or management objectives have been defined by the Commission. Convention General Principles are applied (NAFO GC Doc. 07-04). Advice is based on survey indices and catch trends in relation to estimates of recruitment. The management unit is confined to NAFO Div. 3LNO, which is a portion of the stock that is distributed in NAFO Div. 3LNO and Subdivision 3Ps. Sources Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Scientific Council Documents SCR Doc. 14/23, 15/40, 22/26, 22/05, 22/14, 22/41 and SCS Doc. 15/12Rev, 20/06, 20/09, 20/10, 20/13.  https://www.nafo.int/Library/Science/SC-DocumentsNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO). 2022. Report of the Scientific Council Meeting, 03 – 16 June, 2022. NAFO SCS Doc. 22/18.  https://www.nafo.int/Portals/0/PDFs/sc/2022/scs22-18.pdfNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO). 2008. Resolution on the Interpretation and Implementation of the Convention on the Future Multilateral Cooperation in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. 30th Annual Meeting, September 2008. NAFO/GC Doc. 08/3. https://www.nafo.int/Portals/0/PDFs/gc/2008/gcdoc08-03.pdf |
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