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| Marine Resource Fact Sheet |
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| American Plaice - Grand Bank |
 | American plaice in Div. 3LNO |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) , is part of NAFO Summary Sheets data collection. |
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| Related observations | Locate in inventory | | | | Species: | | FAO Names: en - Amer. plaice(=Long rough dab), fr - Balai(=Plie canadienne), es - Platija americana, ar - هوشع كندي, zh - 拟庸鲽, ru - Камбала-ерш |
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| Geographic extent of American Plaice - Grand Bank
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| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas |
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| 21.3.L | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.L |
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| 21.3.N | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.N |
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| 21.3.O | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.O |
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| Main Descriptors | Considered a single stock: Yes
Spatial Scale: Regional
Management unit: Yes
Reference year: 2017
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| Considered a single stock: A group of individuals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. It can be affected by random dispersal movements and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity. |
| Spatial Scale: Spatial scale contains a standard term such as Global, Regional (e.g. for the whole Atlantic), sub-regional (e.g. for a part of the Atlantic), national, local (for sub-national levels). |
| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is
declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is
effectively the focus for the application of selected
management methods and measures, within the broader
framework of a management system. According to the FAO
Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management
Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery
identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant
to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be
organised around fisheries biological, geographic,
economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions ,
and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management
unit depends mainly on the FMP's management
objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g.
"shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic
resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic
resource according to the environmental group (e.g.
pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the
species belong. |
| Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | | | Biological State and Trend The stock remains low compared to historic levels and is presently at 34% of the Blim level. Recruitment has been low since the late 1980s, but Canadian surveys indicate a large number of pre-recruits in Div. 3L in recent years. Current estimates of fishing mortality are very low. Habitat and Biology Climatic zone: Temperate. Bottom type: Unspecified. Depth zone: Slope - Deepslope (500 m - 1000 m). Horizontal distribution: Neritic. Vertical distribution: Demersal/Benthic. Geographical Distribution Jurisdictional distribution: Straddling between High Seas and EEZ Geo References  | | Geographic extent of American Plaice - Grand Bank
| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas | 21.3.L: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.L | | 21.3.N: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.N | | 21.3.O: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.O |
| | | | | | Intersecting Major FAO areas and LME areas |
The following area codes have been found as intersecting the distribution of American Plaice - Grand Bank Resource Structure Considered a single stock: Yes Exploitation The stock has been under moratorium since 1995. American plaice in recent years is caught as bycatch mainly in otter trawl fisheries of Yellowtail Flounder, skate, Greenland Halibut and redfish. In 2015 and 2016, STATLANT 21A data was used for Canadian fisheries and Daily Catch Records (DCR) for fisheries in the NRA. Catches for 2017 were obtained from CESAG estimates. Recent catch estimates and TACs are:
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2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
| TAC |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
ndf |
| STATLANT 21 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
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| STACFIS |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.41 |
2.11 |
3.01 |
2.31 |
1.12 |
1.72 |
1.2 |
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ndf No directed fishing.
1 Catch was estimated using fishing effort ratio applied to 2010 STACFIS catch.
2 Catch was estimated using STATLANT 21 data for Canadian fisheries and Daily Catch Reports for fisheries in the NRA.
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Effects of the fishery on the ecosystemNo specific information is available. There is no directed fishery for this stock. General impacts of fishing gears on the ecosystem should be considered. Areas within Divs. 3LNO have been closed to protect sponges and coral. Assessment Overall Assessment Results Reference Point Blim: 50 000 t of spawning biomass (Scientific Council Report, 2003) Bmsy: 242 000 t of spawning biomass (Scientific Council Report 2011) F lim: 0.31 (Scientific Council Report, 2011) Projection
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SSB(‘000 t) |
Yield (t) |
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Median (90% CI) |
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F = 0 |
| 2019 |
17.0 (14.6, 19.8) |
- |
| 2020 |
18.0 (15.5, 21.0) |
- |
| 2021 |
19.5 (16.6, 23.0) |
- |
| 2022 |
21.1 (18.0, 25.3) |
- |
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F2015-2017 = 0.08 |
| 2019 |
17.0 (14.7, 19.7) |
1542 |
| 2020 |
16.7 (14.4, 19.5) |
1538 |
| 2021 |
16.9 (14.5, 19.9) |
1567 |
| 2022 |
17.2 (14.8, 20.7) |
1594 |
| Fishing Mortality |
Yield |
P(SSB<Blim) |
P(SSB2022>SSB2018) |
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2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
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| F = 0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
>99% |
>99% |
>99% |
>99% |
99% |
| F2015-2017 = 0.08 |
1542 |
1538 |
1567 |
1594 |
>99% |
>99% |
>99% |
>99% |
47% |
Simulations were carried out to examine the trajectory of the stock under 2 scenarios of fishing mortality: F = 0 and F= F2015-2017 (0.08). SSB was projected to have a probability of >0.99 of being less than Blim by the start of 2022 under both fishing mortality scenarios. Under the F=0 scenario, there is a 99% probability that SSB in 2022 will be greater than in 2018, however this is reduced to 47% probability under F status-quo. Even very low levels of F are inhibiting growth of the stock. Assessment Model Analytical assessment Results An analytical assessment using the ADAPTive framework tuned to the Canadian 3LNO spring, Canadian 3LNO autumn and the EU-Spain Div. 3NO survey. Given the low potential for stock growth, the next full assessment is scheduled for 2021. Fishing MortalityRecruitmentBiomassHuman impactMainly fishery related mortality. Other sources (e.g. pollution, shipping, oil-industry) are undocumented. Biological and environmental interactionsCapelin and sandlance as well as other fish and invertebrates are important prey items for American plaice. There has been a decrease in age at 50% maturity over time, possibly brought about by some interaction between fishing pressure and environmental/ecosystem changes during that period. The Grand Bank (3LNO) EPU is currently experiencing low productivity conditions and biomass has declined across multiple trophic levels and stocks since 2014. Scientific Advice Special Comments Management Management unit: Yes Management Advice Recommendation for 2019 - 2021Management Objectives In 2011 FC adopted an “Interim 3LNO American Plaice Conservation Plan and Rebuilding Strategy” (FC Doc. 11/21). There is a Harvest Control Rule (HCR) in place for this stock. The management unit is NAFO Divisions 3LNO. The stock is distributed throughout Div. 3LNO but historically most of the biomass was found in Div. 3L. Source of information Report of the Meeting, 1 - 14 June, 2018 - SCS Doc. 18/19. FC Doc. 11/21. |
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