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| Marine Resource Fact Sheet |
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| Tusk - Iceland and Reykjanes Ridge |
 | Tusk in Division Va and Subarea XIV |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) , is part of ICES Advice data collection. |
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| Related observations | Locate in inventory | | | | Species: | | FAO Names: en - Tusk(=Cusk), fr - Brosme, es - Brosmio, ar - بروسمة, zh - 单鳍鳕, ru - Менек (=морской налим) |
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| Geographic extent of Tusk - Iceland and Reykjanes Ridge Map tips - Click on
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| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas |
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| 27.5.a | Iceland Grounds (Division 27.5.a) |
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| FAO Fishing Statistical Sub Areas |
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| 27.14 | East Greenland (Subarea 27.14) |
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| Main Descriptors | Considered a single stock: Yes Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional
Reference year: 2008 |
| Considered a single stock: A group of individuals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. It can be affected by random dispersal movements and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity. |
| Spatial Scale: Spatial scale contains a standard term such as Global, Regional (e.g. for the whole Atlantic), sub-regional (e.g. for a part of the Atlantic), national, local (for sub-national levels). |
| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is effectively the focus for the application of selected management methods and measures, within the broader framework of a management system. According to the FAO Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be organised around fisheries biological, geographic, economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions , and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management unit depends mainly on the FMP's management objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g. "shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic resource according to the environmental group (e.g. pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the species belong. |
| Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | | | Biological State and Trend The state of the stock is unknown. Recruitment has increased from a low level in 1995. There are indications that fishing mortality may have declined in recent years. Habitat and Biology Depth zone: Slope (200 m - 1000 m). Vertical distribution: Demersal/Benthic. Water Area Overview Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional Geo References  | | Geographic extent of Tusk - Iceland and Reykjanes Ridge
| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas | 27.5.a: Iceland Grounds (Division 27.5.a) | | FAO Fishing Statistical Sub Areas | 27.14: East Greenland (Subarea 27.14) |
| | | | | | Intersecting Major FAO areas and LME areas |
The following area codes have been found as intersecting the distribution of Tusk - Iceland and Reykjanes Ridge | FAO Major Fishing Areas | 27: Atlantic, Northeast | | Large Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) | 19: East Greenland Shelf | | 21: Norwegian Shelf | | 59: East Greenland Shelf/Sea | | 64: Arctic Ocean | | 65: Arctic Archipelago |
Resource Structure Considered a single stock: Yes Exploitation Factors affecting the fisheries and the stock The fisheries have been managed through TACs since 2001. Closed areas off the south and southeastern coast of Iceland have been implemented in 2003 to prevent the fishing on juveniles in Division Va. Assessment Assessment Model Methodology Scientific basis Total catches are shown in Figure 9.4.12.2.1, cpue trends are shown in Figure 9.4.12.2.2, and fishing mortality signal is shown in Figure 9.4.12.2.3. The perception of the state of the stock is based on a combination of the Icelandic March and October groundfish surveys. The March survey gives a signal on recruitment. The October survey reflects more the abundance of adult biomass. The trend in recruitment is confirmed by the length distribution of tusk in the catches. Comparison with previous assessment and advice There are no changes to the perception of the state of the stock. The current advice is in line with previous advice. Overall Assessment Results Table 9.4.12.2.1. Tusk in Division Va. Single-stock exploitation boundaries (advice), management, and catch/landings. | Year | ICES Advice | Predicted landings corresp. to (single-stock) exploitation boundaries/advice | Agreed TAC1 | Official landings | ACFM Landings | | 1988 | | | | | 6866 | | 1989 | | | | | 7099 | | 1990 | | | | | 7323 | | 1991 | | | | | 8867 | | 1992 | | | | | 8211 | | 1993 | | | | | 6138 | | 1994 | | | | | 5852 | | 1995 | | | | | 6312 | | 1996 | | | | | 6383 | | 1997 | | | | | 5507 | | 1998 | | | | | 5186 | | 1999 | | | | | 7233 | | 2000 | | | | | 6399 | | 2001 | | | 4500 | | 4880 | | 2002 | | | 3500 | | 5611 | | 2003 | | | 3500 | | 5657 | | 2004 | | | 3500 | | 4858 | | 2005 | | | 3500 | | 5057 | | 2006 | | | 5000 | | 6674 | | 2007 | | 4900 | 5000 | | 7638 | | 2008 | | | | | | | 2009 | Constrain catch to 5000 t | 5000 | | | | | 2010 | Constrain catch to 5000 t | 5000 | | | | | Weights in tonnes. 1. TACs set by Iceland for the Icelandic fishing fleet only. | Table 9.4.12.2.2. Tusk in Divisions Va, XIVa, and XIVb. Total international landings (tonnes). Source: STATLANT database, except bold values which are WG best estimates. | | Va | | | | | | | XIVa | | | XIVb | | | | | | Total Va & XIV | | Year | Faeroe Is. | Germany | Iceland | Norway | UK (E, W, NI) | UK (Sco) | Total Va | Germany | Norway | Total XIVa | Faroes | Iceland | Norway | E & W | Russia | Total XIVb | | | 1963 | | | 5872 | | | | 10297 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 5872 | | 1964 | | | 3532 | | | | 7746 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 3532 | | 1965 | | | 2263 | | | | 6610 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 2263 | | 1966 | | | 2107 | | | | 4575 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 2107 | | 1967 | | | 2699 | | | | 5132 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 2699 | | 1968 | | | 4604 | | | | 6632 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 4604 | | 1969 | | | 4075 | | | | 6218 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 4075 | | 1970 | | | 4357 | | | | 6987 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 4357 | | 1971 | | | 3793 | | | | 8112 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 3793 | | 1972 | | | 2815 | | | | 6460 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 2815 | | 1973 | 3363 | 576 | 2366 | 911 | 387 | 4 | 7607 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 7607 | | 1974 | 3172 | 375 | 1857 | 893 | 224 | 6 | 6527 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 6527 | | 1975 | 2445 | 384 | 1673 | 975 | 244 | 10 | 5731 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 5731 | | 1976 | 2397 | 334 | 2935 | 1352 | 92 | 2 | 7112 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 7112 | | 1977 | 2818 | 212 | 3122 | 1796 | 0 | 0 | 7948 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 7948 | | 1978 | 2168 | 0 | 3352 | 812 | 0 | 0 | 6332 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 6332 | | 1979 | 2050 | 0 | 3558 | 845 | 0 | 0 | 6453 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 6453 | | 1980 | 2873 | 0 | 3089 | 928 | 0 | 0 | 6890 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 6890 | | 1981 | 2624 | 0 | 2827 | 1025 | 0 | 0 | 6476 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 6476 | | 1982 | 2410 | 0 | 2804 | 666 | 0 | 0 | 5880 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 5880 | | 1983 | 4046 | 0 | 3469 | 772 | 0 | 0 | 8287 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 8287 | | 1984 | 2008 | 0 | 3430 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 5692 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 5692 | | 1985 | 1885 | 0 | 3068 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 5064 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 5064 | | 1986 | 2811 | 0 | 2548 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 5380 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 5380 | | 1987 | 2638 | 0 | 2987 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 5644 | | | NA | | | | | | NA | 5644 | | 1988 | 3757 | 0 | 3087 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 6864 | 2 | | 2 | | | - | - | | NA | 6866 | | 1989 | 3908 | 0 | 3158 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 7076 | 1 | | 1 | 19 | 3 | - | - | | 22 | 7099 | | 1990 | 2475 | 0 | 4816 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7291 | 2 | | 2 | 13 | 10 | 7 | - | | 30 | 7323 | | 1991 | 2286 | 0 | 6446 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8732 | 2 | | 2 | - | 64 | 68 | 1 | | 133 | 8867 | | 1992 | 1567 | 0 | 6442 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8009 | + | | + | - | 82 | 120 | + | | 202 | 8211 | | 1993 | 1329 | 0 | 4729 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6058 | + | | + | - | 27 | 53 | + | | 80 | 6138 | | 1994 | 1212 | 0 | 4615 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5827 | - | | + | - | 9 | 16 | + | | 25 | 5852 | | 1995 | 979 | 1 | 5245 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6225 | - | | + | - | 57 | 30 | + | | 87 | 6312 | | 1996 | 872 | 1 | 5226 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6102 | | | + | - | 139 | 142 | | | 281 | 6383 | | 1997 | 575 | 0 | 4814 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5389 | | - | + | - | 10 | 108 | | | 118 | 5507 | | 1998 | 1052 | 1 | 4118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5171 | | - | + | 1 | - | 14 | | | 15 | 5186 | | 1999 | 1035 | 2 | 5795 | 391 | 0 | 1 | 7224 | | + | + | - | n.a. | 9 | | | 9 | 7233 | | 2000 | 1302 | 0 | 4711 | 374 | 1 | 0 | 6388 | | - | - | | | 11 | | | 11 | 6399 | | 2001 | 1125 | 1 | 3392 | 285 | 5 | 0 | 4808 | | 0 | 0 | 3 | | 69 | | | 72 | 4880 | | 2002 | 1269 | 0 | 3906 | 372 | 1 | 1 | 5549 | - | - | - | 4 | 28 | 30 | | | 62 | 5611 | | 2003 | 1163 | 1 | 4030 | 373 | 1 | 1 | 5569 | - | - | - | | | 88 | | | 88 | 5657 | | 2004 | 1478 | 1 | 3124 | 214 | 1 | 0 | 4818 | | | | | | 40 | | | 40 | 4858 | | 2005 | 1157 | 3 | 3534 | 303 | 4 | 0 | 5001 | | 5 | 5 | 7 | | 36 | | 8 | 51 | 5057 | | 2006 | 1239 | 2 | 5060 | 299 | 1 | 0 | 6601 | | 0 | 0 | 3 | | 19 | | 51 | 73 | 6674 | | 20071) | 1305 | | 5986 | 300 | 1 | 0 | 7592 | | 0 | 0 | | | 40 | | 6 | 46 | 7638 |  | Figure 9.4.12.2.1. Tusk in Divisions Va, XIVa, and XIVb. Total landings. 2007 is a preliminary value.  |
 | | Figure 9.4.12.2.2.2 Tusk. Indices from the groundfish survey in March 1985–2008. a) Abundance of fish smaller than 40 cm, b) Biomass of fish 40 cm and larger. The shaded area shows 1 standard error of the estimate. |
 | | Figure 9.4.12.2.3. |
Reference Point In common with other deep-water stocks, U lim has previously been proposed at 0.2* virgin biomass and U pa at 0.5* virgin biomass (ICES, 1998). In the absence of abundance indices that correspond to the start of the fishery, the reference points cannot be calculated. Scientific Advice Single-stock exploitation boundaries Exploitation boundaries in relation to existing management plans Surveys indicate that the overall biomass is increasing but consists mostly of small individuals. ICES reiterates the earlier advice to constrain catches to 5000 t (average 2001–2004) to allow the juveniles to recruit to the adult stock. ICES also recommends to collect information that can be used to evaluate a long-term sustainable level of exploitation. Management Management Advice Management considerations Tusk is largely caught as a bycatch in the Icelandic longline fisheries. Tusk is caught both in shelf areas and on the continental slope. Source of information ICES.2009.Report of the ICES Advisory Committee, 2009. ICES Advice, 2009. |
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