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| Marine Resource Fact Sheet |
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 | Ling in Division Va (Iceland) |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) , is part of ICES Advice data collection. |
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| Related observations | Locate in inventory | | | | Species: | | FAO Names: en - Ling, fr - Lingue franche, es - Maruca, ru - Мольва обыкновенная |
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| Geographic extent of Ling - Iceland Grounds Map tips - Click on
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| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas |
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| 27.5.a | Iceland Grounds (Division 27.5.a) |
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| Main Descriptors | Considered a single stock: Yes Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional
Reference year: 2008 |
| Considered a single stock: A group of individuals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. It can be affected by random dispersal movements and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity. |
| Spatial Scale: Spatial scale contains a standard term such as Global, Regional (e.g. for the whole Atlantic), sub-regional (e.g. for a part of the Atlantic), national, local (for sub-national levels). |
| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is effectively the focus for the application of selected management methods and measures, within the broader framework of a management system. According to the FAO Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be organised around fisheries biological, geographic, economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions , and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management unit depends mainly on the FMP's management objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g. "shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic resource according to the environmental group (e.g. pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the species belong. |
| Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | | | Biological State and Trend A survey biomass index shows increasing abundance since 2000 (Figure 9.4.10.2.1). The levels are currently at a similar high level as in the start of the series. There are indications that fishing mortality may have declined in recent years (Figure 9.4.10.2.2). Habitat and Biology Depth zone: Slope (200 m - 1000 m). Vertical distribution: Demersal/Benthic. Geographical Distribution Jurisdictional distribution: National Water Area Overview Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional Geo References  | | Geographic extent of Ling - Iceland Grounds
| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas | 27.5.a: Iceland Grounds (Division 27.5.a) |
| | | | | | Intersecting Major FAO areas and LME areas |
The following area codes have been found as intersecting the distribution of Ling - Iceland Grounds | FAO Major Fishing Areas | 27: Atlantic, Northeast | | Large Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) | 19: East Greenland Shelf | | 21: Norwegian Shelf | | 59: East Greenland Shelf/Sea |
Resource Structure Considered a single stock: Yes Exploitation Factors affecting the fisheries and the stockThe fishery is limited by a specific TAC for ling. Bycatches of ling in the cod fishery only occur in some areas. Assessment Assessment Model Methodology Scientific basisThe assessment is based on the Icelandic March groundfish survey. The trends are confirmed by the October survey (Figure 9.4.10.2.1). The surveys also provide an indication of mortality (Figure 9.4.10.2.2). Comparison with previous assessment and adviceThe perception of the stock has changed since the last advice, from being stable at a very low level to being increasing. This change is due to increases detected in the biomass index. The advice in 2006 was to maintain catches at the 2001–2004 level. This year the advice is to constrain catches to 7500 t (average 2006–2007). Overall Assessment Results Table 9.4.10.2.1. Ling. Landings in ICES Division Va since 1950. Source: STATLANT database, except bold values which are WG best estimates. | Year | Belgium | Faeroe Is. | France | Germany | Iceland | Norway | UK (E,W,NI) | UK (Sco) | Total | | 1950 | | | | | 3551 | | | | 10497 | | 1951 | | | | | 3278 | | | | 10929 | | 1952 | | | | | 4420 | | | | 11454 | | 1953 | | | | | 3325 | | | | 11470 | | 1954 | | | | | 3442 | | | | 13095 | | 1955 | | | | | 3972 | | | | 11693 | | 1956 | | | | | 3823 | | | | 11525 | | 1957 | | | | | 3591 | | | | 9687 | | 1958 | | | | | 4195 | | | | 11663 | | 1959 | | | | | 2681 | | | | 8700 | | 1960 | | | | | 6774 | | | | 13770 | | 1961 | | | | | 6032 | | | | 10066 | | 1962 | | | | | 7073 | | | | 12117 | | 1963 | | | | | 5607 | | | | 10492 | | 1964 | | | | | 4976 | | | | 10374 | | 1965 | | | | | 4811 | | | | 10658 | | 1966 | | | | | 4559 | | | | 10032 | | 1967 | | | | | 7531 | | | | 13152 | | 1968 | | | | | 8697 | | | | 14526 | | 1969 | | | | | 8677 | | | | 14138 | | 1970 | | | | | 8345 | | | | 14362 | | 1971 | | | | | 8867 | | | | 15391 | | 1972 | | | | | 6085 | | | | 10177 | | 1973 | 1080 | 984 | 0 | 586 | 3564 | 418 | 819 | 10 | 7461 | | 1974 | 681 | 890 | 0 | 486 | 3868 | 318 | 511 | 21 | 6775 | | 1975 | 736 | 732 | 23 | 375 | 3748 | 522 | 541 | 21 | 6698 | | 1976 | 431 | 498 | 0 | 404 | 4538 | 502 | 259 | 9 | 6641 | | 1977 | 442 | 613 | 0 | 254 | 3433 | 506 | 0 | 0 | 5248 | | 1978 | 541 | 534 | 0 | 0 | 3439 | 484 | 0 | 0 | 4998 | | 1979 | 508 | 536 | 0 | 0 | 3759 | 399 | 0 | 0 | 5202 | | 1980 | 445 | 607 | 0 | 0 | 3149 | 423 | 0 | 0 | 4624 | | 1981 | 196 | 489 | 0 | 0 | 3348 | 415 | 0 | 0 | 4448 | | 1982 | 116 | 524 | 0 | 0 | 3733 | 612 | 0 | 0 | 4985 | | 1983 | 128 | 644 | 0 | 0 | 4256 | 115 | 0 | 0 | 5143 | | 1984 | 103 | 450 | 0 | 0 | 3304 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 3878 | | 1985 | 59 | 384 | 0 | 0 | 2980 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 3440 | | 1986 | 88 | 556 | 0 | 0 | 2948 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3596 | | 1987 | 157 | 657 | 0 | 0 | 4154 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4974 | | 1988 | 134 | 619 | 0 | 0 | 5083 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5846 | | 1989 | 95 | 614 | 0 | 0 | 4833 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5547 | | 1990 | 42 | 399 | 0 | 0 | 5115 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5556 | | 1991 | 69 | 530 | 0 | 0 | 5182 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5781 | | 1992 | 34 | 526 | 0 | 0 | 4546 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5106 | | 1993 | 20 | 501 | 0 | 0 | 4319 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4840 | | 1994 | 3 | 548 | 0 | 0 | 4053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4604 | | 1995 | 0 | 463 | 0 | 0 | 3729 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4192 | | 1996 | 0 | 358 | 0 | 0 | 3670 | 20 | 12 | 0 | 4060 | | 1997 | 0 | 299 | 0 | 0 | 3626 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3925 | | 1998 | 0 | 699 | 0 | 0 | 3603 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4302 | | 1999 | 0 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 3973 | 120 | 4 | 1 | 4598 | | 2000 | 0 | 452 | 0 | 0 | 3221 | 67 | 3 | 0 | 3743 | | 2001 | 0 | 362 | 0 | 2 | 2863 | 116 | 1 | 0 | 3344 | | 2002 | 0 | 1629 | 0 | 0 | 2830 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 4504 | | 2003 | 0 | 565 | 0 | 2 | 3584 | 108 | 2 | 1 | 4262 | | 2004 | 0 | 739 | 0 | 1 | 3718 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 4597 | | 2005 | 0 | 682 | 0 | 1 | 4307 | 180 | 0 | 19 | 5189 | | 2006 | 0 | 960 | 0 | 1 | 6287 | 158 | 0 | 0 | 7406 | | 20071) | 0 | 849 | 0 | 0 | 6600 | 185 | 0 | 0 | 7634 |  | Figure 9.4.10.2.1. Ling. Indices from the groundfish survey in March 1985–2008. a) Abundance of fish less than 40 cm, b) Biomass of fish 40 cm and larger. The shaded area shows 1 standard error of the estimate.  |
 | | Figure 9.4.10.2.3. Ling. Landings in ICES Division Va. Source: STATLANT database and partly WG estimates (see Table 9.4.10.2.1). |
Reference Point In common with other deep-water stocks, U lim has previously been proposed at 0.2* virgin biomass and U pa at 0.5* virgin biomass (ICES, 1998). In the absence of abundance indices that correspond to the start of the fishery, the reference points cannot be calculated. Scientific Advice Single-stock exploitation boundariesSurveys indicate that the overall biomass is increasing. Landings have also increased. ICES recommends constraining catches to 7500 t (recent average 2006–2007) and to collect information that can be used to evaluate a long-term sustainable level of exploitation.  | | Figure 9.4.10.2.2. Ling. Estimates of trends in relative fishing mortality (Yield/Survey biomass). |
Management Management Advice Management considerationsLing is a bycatch in the Icelandic longline and trawl fisheries, which is mainly directed at cod. Source of information ICES.2009.Report of the ICES Advisory Committee, 2009. ICES Advice, 2009. |
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