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| Fact Sheet Title Fact Sheet |
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| Northern red snapper - Gulf of Mexico USA waters |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , is part of WECAFC Stock Status Reports data collection. |
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| ident Block | ident Block | | | | Species List: | | Species Ref: en - Northern red snapper, fr - Vivaneau campèche, es - Pargo del Golfo |
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| ident Block Northern red snapper - Gulf of Mexico USA waters Map tips - Click on
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| Large Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) |
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| 5 | Gulf of Mexico |
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| Aq Res | Biological Stock: Yes Value: National
Management unit: Yes Reference year: 2016
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| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is effectively the focus for the application of selected management methods and measures, within the broader framework of a management system. According to the FAO Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be organised around fisheries biological, geographic, economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions , and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management unit depends mainly on the FMP's management objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g. "shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic resource according to the environmental group (e.g. pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the species belong. |
| Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | | | Aq Res State Trend For Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) the most recent assessments estimated that the USA South Atlantic stock was overfished and experiencing overfishing, while the Gulf of Mexico stock has been rebuilding and is no longer considered overfished nor undergoing overfishing. Habitat Bio Climatic Zone: Tropical. Vertical Dist: Demersal. Water Area Overview  | | Water Area Overview Northern red snapper - Gulf of Mexico USA waters
| Large Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) | 5: Gulf of Mexico |
| | | | | | Water Area Overview
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Water Area OverviewNorthern red snapper - Gulf of Mexico USA waters Aq Res Struct Biological Stock: Yes Consistent with the findings of SEDAR 31, this update assessment assumes there are two primary sub-stocks of red snapper within this region, separated roughly by the Mississippi River. Currently, the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council (GMFMC) manages these sub-stocks as one unit, but the option of eastern and western management units remains viable. Exploit Estimates of commercial landings (pounds, whole weight) are available since the inception of the major fisheries (1872 for the vertical line and 1980 for the longline fishery; Table 2.5). With the exception of the additional three years of data, the commercial estimates have not changed significantly since SEDAR 31 (Figure 2.6). Bio Assess Uncertainty: Intermediate Data Data up to 2016. Landings of Northern red snapper in the US Gulf of Mexico represent approximately 37% of total landings in FAO Area 31. Assess Models Type: Age-structured Stock Synthesis Similar to SEDAR 31 and the 2014 SEDAR 31 Update Assessment, the assessment model selected for SEDAR 52 was Stock Synthesis (SS) version 3.24P. Descriptions of SS algorithms and options are available in the SS user’s manual (Methot 2015), the NOAA Fisheries Toolbox website (http://nft.nefsc.noaa.gov/), and Methot and Wetzel (2013). Stock Synthesis is an integrated statistical catch-at-age (SCAA) model, which projects forward from initial conditions using age-structured population dynamics equations. SCAA models are comprised of three modeling modules: the population dynamics module, an observation module, and a likelihood function. Each of the modules is closely linked. Stock synthesis uses biological parameters (e.g., growth, fecundity, and natural mortality) to propagate abundance and biomass forward from initial conditions (population dynamics model) and develops predicted data sets based on estimates of fishing mortality, selectivity, and catchability (the observation model). Results Stock Status - The SEDAR 52 Base assessment model indicates that the Gulf of Mexico red snapper stock is recovering and based on current definitions of MSST and MFMT the stock is not overfished and there is no overfishing occurring (SSB2016 / MSSTNEW = 1.41; FCURRENT / MFMT = 0.823; Table 5.2). An important caveat to this result is that under the previous definition of MSST the red snapper resource would still be considered overfished (SSB2016 / MSSTOLD = 0.77). If both MSST values were being presented during the 2014 SEDAR 31 Update Assessment, a similar situation would have occurred (i.e., based on the results of that model SSB2014 / MSSTNEW = 1.08 and SSB2014/MSSTOLD = 0.59 with FCURRENT / MFMT = 0.994). However, the SEDAR 52 model estimates that the stock was actually in slightly better condition in 2014 than estimated by the previous assessment (i.e., a SPR of 15% instead of 14% and a slightly lower relative harvest rate; See Figure 5.2). Regardless of MSST a definition, the resource has been steadily rebuilding since the 2014 SEDAR 31 Update Assessment was undertaken (see Table 5.3 for a summary of stock status over the entire assessment timeseries). Following a period of strong overfishing of a highly depleted resource during the 1980s-early 2000s, overfishing has not occurred since 2005 (Figure 5.2). Although relative harvest rates have increased slightly in recent years they remain below the MFMT, while the stock continues to increase towards the long-term rebuilding goal of SSBSPR26%. Projections aimed at achieving an SSB ratio of 26% in equilibrium suggest that the stock should continue to increase and be within a few percentage points of 26% SSB0 within a decade (see Table 5.4 for a summary of projected stock status). Sci Advice Future Research - Life History - • Additional spawning fraction and fecundity collections from all areas of the Gulf have been called for in previous SEDARs (e.g., SEDAR 31). In response, more data have been collected (e.g., SEDAR 52- WP-15). This SEDAR echoes past requests and calls for such data collection to continue to expand in time and space. • Additional research and analysis is necessary to clarify regional reproductive and demographic differences and, as importantly, trends over time. • Additional work is needed to improve the SS3 model regarding incorporation of spatial and temporal changes in life history data. - Recreational Discards- • Given the increasing magnitude of removals from the recreational closed season fleets, attempts to improve discard estimates and obtain age composition samples (to help estimate selectivity patterns in the assessment) should be undertaken. • Use of the relative magnitude of estimated charter and private boat discards should be explored to appropriately weight available length composition data from FWC observer survey program within the combined charter-private boat fleet. - Surveys - • Develop SEDAR best practices for recreational CPUE standardization. • Explore removal of CPUE indices from the red snapper assessment. • For the NMFS bottom longline survey conduct paired j and circle hook sets to estimate the hook type effect so as to be able to use the older data from when only j-hooks were used. • Assign current and historical age and length data to habitat type at the finest resolution possible to investigate whether differential catch rates occur among artificial and natural reefs. • Develop SEDAR best practices for recreational CPUE standardization. • Examine survey design changes during NMFS bottom longline surveys (e.g., the use of Dauphin Island data in the index). • Examine survey design changes during SEAMAP Groundfish surveys. • Further examine survey design for the combined video index to determine whether it can be used in future red snapper assessments. • Evaluate the use of the SEAMAP vertical line survey in the red snapper assessment as the timeseries expands. - Age Composition - • Explore and update the modal analysis methods used to determine the age composition of the SEAMAP groundfish trawl survey length frequency and the shrimp bycatch observer length frequency. • Investigate fitting length composition data directly within the SS3 model as opposed to developing age-length keys and converting length frequency to age composition external to the modeling process. - Recruitment - • Explore alternate parametrizations of the stock-recruit function and/or develop informative priors for these parameters. • Incorporate the CMS recruitment index into the base model and investigate ways to use the index to improve recruitment forecasting in the projections. • Explore the potential for developing a fully spatial model of red snapper that can account for differential recruitment and life history patterns across the Gulf of Mexico including differential dynamics on and around artificial versus natural reef habitat. - Juvenile Mortality - • Further explore the relationship among shrimp bycatch and juvenile red snapper mortality with emphasis on investigation of incorporating the potential for density-dependent juvenile mortality. Management Management unit: Yes Sources FAO. Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. 2019. Review of the state of fisheries and fisheries resources in the WECAFC region. Meeting document WECAFC/SAG/IX/2018/3 of the ninth session of the Scientific Advisory Group, Christ Church, Barbados, 19-20 November 2018.  http://www.fao.org/fi/static-media/MeetingDocuments/WECAFC/SAG2018/3e.pdfSEDAR. 2018b. Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper. SEDAR 52 Stock Assessment Report. North Charleston SC. 434 pp. https://sedarweb.org/docs/sar/S52_Final_SAR_v2.pdf Bibliography FAO. Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission/FAO Commission des pêches pour l’Atlantique Centre-Ouest/FAO Comisión Central de Pesca para el Atlántico CentroOccidental. 2019. Report of the ninth session of the Scientific Advisory Group, Christ Church, Barbados, 19-20 November 2018. Rapport de la neuvième session du Groupe scientifique consultatif, Christ Church, Barbade, 19-20 Novembre 2018. Informe de la octava sesión del Grupo Asesor Científico, Christ Church, Barbados, 19-20 de Noviembre de 2018. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report/Rapport sur les pêches et l’aquaculture/Informe de Pesca y Acuicultura. No. 1266. Bridgetown, 156 pp. http://www.fao.org/3/ca4776t/ca4776t.pdfAll references to figures, tables and bibliography in the text are found within the source of information. |
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