Horse mackerel - West European Basin and Norwegian Sea|
| Marine Resource Fact Sheet |
| | | Horse mackerel - West European Basin and Norwegian Sea |
 | Western horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) (Divisions IIa, IVa, Vb, VIa,VIIa-c, e-k, VIIIa,b,d,e) |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) , is part of ICES Advice data collection. |
| | Related observations | Locate in inventory | | | | Species: | | FAO Names: en - Atlantic horse mackerel, fr - Chinchard d'Europe, es - Jurel, ru - Ставрида обыкновенная |
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| Geographic extent of Horse mackerel - West European Basin and Norwegian Sea Map tips - Click on
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| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas |
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| 27.2.a | Norwegian Sea (Division IIa) |
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| 27.4.a | Northern North Sea (Division IVa) |
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| 27.6.a | Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland or as the West of Scotland (Division VIa) |
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| 27.7.a | Irish Sea (Division VIIa) |
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| 27.7.b | West of Ireland (Division VIIb) |
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| 27.7.c | Porcupine Bank (Division VIIc) |
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| 27.7.e | Western English Channel (Division VIIe) |
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| 27.7.f | Bristol Channel (Division VIIf) |
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| 27.7.g | Celtic Sea North (Division VIIg) |
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| 27.7.h | Celtic Sea South (Division VIIh) |
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| 27.7.j | Southwest of Ireland - East (Division VIIj) |
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| 27.7.k | Southwest of Ireland - West (Division VIIk) |
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| 27.8.a | Bay of Biscay - North (Division VIIIa) |
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| FAO Fishing Statistical Subdivision Areas |
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| 27.5.b.1 | Faroe Plateau (Subdivision Vb1) |
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| 27.5.b.2 | Faroe Bank (Subdivision Vb2) |
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| | Main Descriptors | Considered a single stock: Yes Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional
Management unit: Yes Reference year: 2008
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| Considered a single stock: A group of individuals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. It can be affected by random dispersal movements and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity. |
| Spatial Scale: Spatial scale contains a standard term such as Global, Regional (e.g. for the whole Atlantic), sub-regional (e.g. for a part of the Atlantic), national, local (for sub-national levels). |
| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is effectively the focus for the application of selected management methods and measures, within the broader framework of a management system. According to the FAO Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be organised around fisheries biological, geographic, economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions , and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management unit depends mainly on the FMP's management objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g. "shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic resource according to the environmental group (e.g. pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the species belong. |
| Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | | | Habitat and Biology Depth zone: Shelf (50 m - 200 m). Vertical distribution: Pelagic. Geographical Distribution Jurisdictional distribution: Straddling between High Seas and EEZ Water Area Overview Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional Geo References  | | Geographic extent of Horse mackerel - West European Basin and Norwegian Sea
| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas | 27.2.a: Norwegian Sea (Division IIa) | | 27.4.a: Northern North Sea (Division IVa) | | 27.6.a: Northwest Coast of Scotland and North Ireland or as the West of Scotland (Division VIa) | | 27.7.a: Irish Sea (Division VIIa) | | 27.7.b: West of Ireland (Division VIIb) | | 27.7.c: Porcupine Bank (Division VIIc) | | 27.7.e: Western English Channel (Division VIIe) | | 27.7.f: Bristol Channel (Division VIIf) | | 27.7.g: Celtic Sea North (Division VIIg) | | 27.7.h: Celtic Sea South (Division VIIh) | | 27.7.j: Southwest of Ireland - East (Division VIIj) | | 27.7.k: Southwest of Ireland - West (Division VIIk) | | 27.8.a: Bay of Biscay - North (Division VIIIa) | | FAO Fishing Statistical Subdivision Areas | 27.5.b.1: Faroe Plateau (Subdivision Vb1) | | 27.5.b.2: Faroe Bank (Subdivision Vb2) |
| | | | | | Intersecting Major FAO areas and LME areas |
The following area codes have been found as intersecting the distribution of Horse mackerel - West European Basin and Norwegian Sea | FAO Major Fishing Areas | 27: Atlantic, Northeast | | Large Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) | 19: East Greenland Shelf | | 20: Barents Sea | | 21: Norwegian Shelf | | 22: North Sea | | 24: Celtic-Biscay Shelf | | 59: East Greenland Shelf/Sea | | 60: Faroe Plateau |
Resource Structure Considered a single stock: Yes Exploitation Factors affecting the fisheries and the stockChanges in fishing technology and fishing patterns Western horse mackerel are taken in a variety of fisheries exploiting juvenile fish for the human consumption market (with smaller-size fish mostly for the Japanese market), and large fish for human consumption (mostly for the African market) or for industrial purposes. The juvenile fishery in the Western stock distribution area has mainly occurred in Divisions VIIe–h and VIIIa–d. After 1993, the juvenile fishery expanded resulting in a change in the exploitation pattern of the stock. The percentage of catch (in weight) in the juvenile areas increased gradually from about 40% in 1997 to about 65% in 2003, but declined to 40% in 2005. Since 2005, there has been no obvious change in fishing area or exploitation pattern. Impacts of the environment on the fish stockResearch over the last decade has shown strong links between horse mackerel migration into northern areas and water mass transport patterns in the Northeast Atlantic (ICES, 2007). Assessment Assessment Model Methodology Scientific basisData and methodsThe triennial horse mackerel egg survey provides an index of SSB which together with the catches form the basis for the assessment of the stock. Uncertainties in assessment and forecastThe information available for Western horse mackerel remains sparse, and concerns about the underlying data remain, particularly with regard to the reliability of age determination for the catch-at-age data, and the interpretation of fecundity estimates (as horse mackerel are regarded indeterminate spawners). In addition, the only fishery-independent information for this stock are measures of egg production from surveys held every three years. As in previous years and despite the data sampling regulation for EU countries, some countries with major catches did not carry out biological sampling programmes. Discard information is also incomplete for this stock. Comparison with previous assessment and adviceThe perception of historical stock trends is consistent with last year’s assessment. The basis for the advice is the same. Overall Assessment Results  | Figure 9.4.3.1. Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Divisions IIa, IVa, Vb, VIa, VIIa–c,e–k, and VIIIa–e (Western stock). Summary of stock assessment: landings, fishing mortality, recruitment, and SSB.  |
 | | Figure 9.4.3.2. Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Divisions IIa, IVa, Vb, VIa, VIIa–c,e–k, and VIIIa–e (Western stock). Stock–recruitment and precautionary approach plots. |
 | | Figure 9.4.3.3. Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Divisions IIa, IVa, Vb, VIa, VIIa–c,e–k, and VIIIa–e (Western stock). Comparison of currents assessments with previous assessments. |
| Country | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | | Denmark | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 39 | | France | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | -2 | -2 | | Germany, Fed.Rep | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | | Norway | - | - | - | 412 | 22 | 78 | 214 | 3,272 | | USSR | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | Total | - | + | - | 412 | 23 | 79 | 214 | 3,311 | | | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | | Faroe Islands | - | - | 9643 | 1,115 | 9,1573 | 1,068 | - | 950 | | Denmark | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 200 | | France | -2 | - | - | - | - | - | 55 | - | | Germany, Fed. Rep. | 64 | 12 | + | - | - | - | - | - | | Norway | 6,285 | 4,770 | 9,135 | 3,200 | 4,300 | 2,100 | 4 | 11,300 | | USSR / Russia (1992 -) | 469 | 27 | 1,298 | 172 | - | - | 700 | 1,633 | | UK (England + Wales) | - | - | 17 | | - | - | - | - | | Total | 6,818 | 4,809 | 11,414 | 4,487 | 13,457 | 3,168 | 759 | 14,083 | | | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | | Faroe Islands | 1,598 | 7993 | 1883 | 1323 | 2503 | - | | | | Denmark | - | - | 1,7553 | | | - | | | | France | - | - | - | | | - | | | | Germany | - | - | - | | | - | | | | Norway | 887 | 1,170 | 234 | 2,304 | 841 | 44 | 1,321 | 22 | | Russia | 881 | 648 | 345 | 121 | 843 | 16 | 3 | 2 | | UK (England + Wales) | - | - | - | | | - | | | | Estonia | - | - | 22 | | | | | | | Total | 3,366 | 2,617 | 2,544 | 2557 | 1175 | 60 | 1,324 | 24 | Table 9.4.3.2. Horse mackerel general. Catches (t) in Subarea II. (Data as submitted by Working Group members). | | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 20081 | | Faroe Islands | - | - | 3 | - | - | | Denmark | - | - | - | - | - | | France | - | - | - | - | - | | | - - | - - | - - | - 3664 | - - | | Norway | 42 | 176 | 27 | - | 572 | | Russia | | | | | | | UK (England + Wales) | - | - | - | - | - | | Estonia | - | - | - | - | - | | Total | 42 | 176 | 30 | 366 | 572 | | 1Preliminary. 2Included in Subarea IV. 3Includes catches in Div. Vb. 4Taken in Div. Vb | | Country | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | | Faroe Islands , Fed.Rep. Ireland Netherlands Norway2 Poland Sweden UK (Engl. + ) () | 8 199 260 292 + 1,161 101 119 - - 11 - - | 34 3,576 - 421 139 412 355 2,292 - - 15 - - | 7 1,612 - 567 30 - 559 7 - - 6 - - | 55 1,590 - 366 52 - 2,0293 322 2 - 4 - - | 20 23,730 - 827 + - 824 3 94 - - 3 489 | 13 22,495 - 298 + - 1603 203 - - 71 998 - | 13 18,652 - 2312 - - 6003 776 - 2 3 531 - | 9 7,290 - 1892 3 - 8504 11,7284 - - 339 487 - | 10 20,323 - 7842 153 - 1,0603 34,4254 - - 373 5,749 - | | Total | 2,151 | 7,253 | 2,788 | 4,420 | 25,987 | 24,238 | 20,808 | 20,895 | 62,877 | | Country | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | | Faroe Islands , Fed.Rep. Poland Sweden UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (N. Ireland) UK (Scotland) / (1992 -) Unallocated + discards | 10 23,329 - - 248 506 - 14,172 84,161 - - 10 - 2,093 - 12,4824 | 13 20,605 - 942 220 2,4695 687 1,970 117,903 - 102 10 - 458 - -3174 | - 6,982 - 340 174 5,995 2,657 3,852 50,000 - 953 132 350 7,309 - -7504 | + 7,755 293 - 162 2,801 2,600 3,000 96,000 - 800 4 - 996 -2786 | 74 6,120 - 360 302 1,570 4,086 2,470 126,800 - 697 115 - 1,059 -3,270 | 57 3,921 275 1,014 415 1,329 94,000 - 2,087 389 7,582 1,511 | 51 2,432 17 - - 1,600 220 5,285 84,747 - - 478 - 3,650 -28 | 28 1,433 - - - 7 1,100 6,205 14,639 - 95 40 - 2,442 136 | - 648 - 296 - 7,603 8,152 37,778 45,314 - 232 242 - 10,511 -31,615 | | Total | 112,047 | 145,062 | 77,904 | 114,133 | 140,383 | 112,580 | 98,452 | 26,125 | 79,161 | | Country | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 20061 | | Faroe Islands UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (Scotland) Unallocated+discards | 19 2,048 22 28 379 4,620 - 3,811 13,129 - 3,411 2 3,041 737 | 21 8,006 - 908 60 4,071 404 3,610 44,344 - 1,957 11 1,658 -325 | 19 4,409 - 24 49 3,115 103 3,382 1,246 2 1,141 15 3,465 14613 | 19 2,288 - 48 230 375 4,685 7,948 - 119 317 3,161 649 | 1,004 1,393 699 - 2,671 72 6,612 35,368 - 575 1,191 255 -149 | 5 3,774 809 392 3,048 93 17,354 20,493 - 1,074 1,192 1 -14,009 | 4 8,735 174 4,905 379 21,418 10,709 665 2,552 1 -19,103 | 6 4,258 35 3,876 1,811 753 24,679 24,937 239 1,778 22 -21,830 | 3 1,343 2,380 965 2,077 2,354 20,984 27,200 491 423 314 -19,623 | | Total | 31,247 | 64,725 | 31583 | 19,839 | 49,691 | 34,226 | 30,435 | 40,564 | 38,911 | Table 9.4.3.3. Horse mackerel general. Catches (t) in North Sea Subarea IV and Skagerrak Division IIIa by country. (Data submitted by Working Group members). Catches partly concern the North Sea horse mackerel. | Country | 2007 | 20081 | | | | | | | | | Belgium Faroe Islands France Germany, Fed.Rep. Ireland Netherlands Lithuania Norway Sweden UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (Scotland) Unallocated +discards | 5 329 3 457 93 652 20,027 98 5.423 130 2,966 626 -14,403 | 2 59 55 943 1,167 1,186 9,400 - 11,652 45 - 20 -9,151 | | | | | | | | | Total | 16,407 | 15,377 | | | | | | | | | 1-Preliminary. | | Country | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | | Denmark Faroe Islands France Germany, Fed. Rep. Ireland Netherlands Norway Spain UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (N. Ireland) UK (Scotland) USSR Unallocated + disc. | 734 - 45 5,550 - 2,385 - - 9 1 - | 341 - 454 10,212 - 100 5 - 5 17 - | 2,785 1,248 4 2,113 - 50 - - + 83 - | 7 - 10 4,146 15,086 94 - - 38 - | - - 14 130 13,858 17,500 - - + 214 - | - 4,014 13 191 27,102 18,450 996 - 1,427 - -19,168 | - 1,992 12 354 28,125 3,450 83 -2 198 - 138 - -13,897 | 769 4,4503 20 174 29,743 5,750 75 -2 404 - 1,027 - -7,255 | 1,655 4,0003 10 615 27,872 3,340 41 -2 475 - 7,834 - - | | Total | 8,724 | 11,134 | 6,283 | 19,381 | 31,716 | 33,025 | 20,455 | 35,157 | 45,842 | | Country | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | | Denmark Faroe Islands France Germany, Fed. Rep. Ireland Netherlands Norway Spain UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (N.Ireland) UK (Scotland) USSR/Russia (1992-) Unallocated + disc. | 973 3,059 2 1,162 19,493 1,907 - -2 44 - 1,737 - 6,493 | 615 628 17 2,474 15,911 660 - -2 145 - 267 44 143 | - 255 4 2,500 24,766 3,369 - 1 1,229 1,970 1,640 - -1,278 | 42 - 3 6,281 32,994 2,150 - 3 577 273 86 - -1,940 | - 820 + 10,023 44,802 590 - - 144 - 4,523 - -6,9604 | 294 80 - 1,430 65,564 341 - - 109 - 1,760 - -51 | 106 - - 1,368 120,124 2,326 - - 208 - 789 - -41,326 | 114 - - 943 87,872 572 - - 612 - 2,669 - -11,523 | 780 - 52 229 22,474 498 - - 56 767 14,452 - 837 | | Total | 34,870 | 20,904 | 34,456 | 40,469 | 53,942 | 69,527 | 83,595 | 81,259 | 40,145 | Table 9.4.3.4. Horse mackerel general. Catches (t) in Subarea VI by country. (Data submitted by Working Group members). | Country | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | | Denmark Faroe Islands France Germany Ireland Lithuania Netherlands Spain UK (Engl.+Wales) UK (N.Ireland) UK (Scotland) Unallocated+disc. | - - 221 414 21,608 885 - 10 1,132 10,447 98 | - - 25,007 1,031 31,736 1,139 - 344 - 4,544 1,507 | - - - 209 15,843 687 - 41 - 1,839 2,038 | - - 428 265 20,162 600 - 91 3,111 -21 | - - 55 149 12,341 450 - - 1,192 3 | - - 209 1,337 20,915 847 - 46 453 -553 | - - 172 1,413 15,702 3,701 - 5 377 559 | - - 41 1,958 12,395 6,039 - 52 210 62 1,298 | - - 411 1,025 9,780 2,822 1,892 - - 82 43 -304 | | Total | 34,815 | 65,308 | 20,657 | 24,636 | 14,190 | 23,254 | 21,929 | 22,055 | 15,751 | | Country | 2007 | 20081 | | | | | | | | | Denmark Faroe Islands France Germany Ireland Lithuania Netherlands Norway Russia Spain UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (Scotland) Unallocated+discards | - - - 1,835 20,341 80 2,177 2 - - 232 38 1,474 26,279 | - 573 74 5,097 18,786 641 3,904 20 - - - 588 -3,781 25,902 | | | | | | | | | 1Preliminary. 2Included in Subarea VII., 3Includes Divisions IIIa, IVa,b and VIb. 4Includes a negative unallocated catch of -7000 t. | | Country | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | | Belgium Denmark France Germany, Fed.Rep. Ireland Netherlands Norway Spain UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (Scotland) USSR | - 5,045 1,983 2,289 - 23,002 394 50 12,933 1 - | 1 3,099 2,800 1,079 16 25,000 - 234 2,520 - - | 1 877 2,314 12 - 27,5002 - 104 2,670 - - | - 993 1,834 1,977 - 34,350 - 142 1,230 - - | - 732 2,387 228 65 38,700 - 560 279 1 - | + 1,4772 1,881 - 100 33,550 - 275 1,630 1 120 | + 30,4082 3,801 5 703 40,750 - 137 1,824 + - | 2 27,368 2,197 374 15 69,400 - 148 1,228 2 - | - 33,202 1,523 4,705 481 43,560 - 150 3,759 2,873 - | | Total | 45,697 | 34,749 | 33,478 | 40,526 | 42,952 | 39,034 | 77,628 | 100,734 | 90,253 | | Country | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | | Faroe Islands Belgium Denmark France Germany, Fed.Rep. Ireland Netherlands Norway Spain UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (N.Ireland) UK (Scotland) USSR / Russia (1992-) Unallocated + discards | - - 34,474 4,576 7,743 12,645 43,582 - 14 4,488 - + - 28,368 | 28 + 30,594 2,538 8,109 17,887 111,900 - 16 13,371 - 139 - 7,614 | - - 28,888 1,230 12,919 19,074 104,107 - 113 6,436 2,026 1,992 - 24,541 | - - 18,984 1,198 12,951 15,568 109,197 - 106 7,870 1,690 5,008 - 15,563 | - - 16,978 1,001 15,684 16,363 157,110 - 54 6,090 587 3,123 - 4,0103 | - 1 41,605 - 14,828 15,281 92,903 - 29 12,418 119 9,015 - 14,057 | - - 28,300 - 17,436 58,011 116,126 - 25 31,641 - 10,522 - 68,644 | - - 43,330 - 15,949 38,455 114,692 - 33 28,605 - 11,241 - 26,795 | - 18 60,412 27,201 28,549 43,624 81,464 - - 17,464 1,093 7,931 - 58,718 | | Total | 135,890 | 192,196 | 201,326 | 188,135 | 221,000 | 200,256 | 330,705 | 279,100 | 326,474 | Table 9.4.3.5. Horse mackerel general . Catches (t) in Subarea VII by country. (Data submitted by the Working Group members). | Country | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | | Faroe Islands Belgium Denmark France Germany Ireland Lithuania Netherlands Spain UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (N.Ireland) UK (Scotland) Unallocated+discards | - 18 25,492 24,223 25,414 51,720 91,946 - 12,832 - 5,095 12,706 | - - 19,223 - 15,247 25,843 56,223 - 8,885 - 4,994 31,239 | 550 - 13,946 20,401 9,692 32,999 50,120 50 2,972 - 5,152 1,884 | - - 20,574 11,049 8,320 30,192 46,196 7 8,901 - 1,757 11,046 | - 1 10,094 6,466 10,812 23,366 37,605 0 5,525 - 1,461 2,576 | - - 10,867 7,199 13,873 13,533 48.222 1 4,186 268 24,897 | - + 11,529 8,083 16,352 8,470 41,123 27 7,178 1,146 18,485 | 3,660 + 9,939 8,469 10,437 20,406 31,156 12 4,752 217 59 18,368 | 1,201 + 6,838 7,928 7,139 16,841 3,569 35,467 60 2,935 142 413 19,379 | | Total | 249,446 | 161,654 | 137,766 | 138,042 | 97,906 | 123,046 | 112,393 | 107,475 | 101,912 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Country | 2007 | 20081 | | | | | | | | | Faroe Islands Belgium Denmark France Germany Ireland Lithuania Netherlands Spain Sweden UK (Engl. + Wales) UK (Scotland) Unallocated+discards | 475 + 4,806 6,844 3.943 8,039 5,585 38,034 - 55 9,105 738 15,460 | 212 + 1,970 11,008 5,700 16,293 4,907 43,514 11 - - 476 14,656 | | | | | | | | | Total | 93,084 | 98,746 | | | | | | | | | 1Preliminary | | Country | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | | Denmark | - | - | - | - | - | - | 446 | 3,283 | 2,793 | | France | 3,361 | 3,711 | 3.073 | 2,643 | 2,489 | 4,305 | 3,534 | 3,983 | 4,502 | | Netherlands | - | - | - | - | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | - | | Spain | 34,134 | 36,362 | 19,610 | 25,580 | 23,119 | 23,292 | 40,334 | 30,098 | 26,629 | | UK (Engl.+Wales) | - | + | 1 | - | 1 | 143 | 392 | 339 | 253 | | USSR | - | - | - | - | 20 | - | 656 | - | - | | Total | 37,495 | 40,073 | 22,684 | 28,223 | 25,629 | 27,740 | 45,362 | 37,703 | 34,177 | | Country | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | | Denmark | 6,729 | 5,726 | 1,349 | 5,778 | 1,955 | - | 340 | 140 | 729 | | France | 4,719 | 5,082 | 6,164 | 6,220 | 4,010 | 28 | - | 7 | 8,690 | | Germany, Fed. Rep. | - | - | 80 | 62 | - | | - | - | - | | Netherlands | - | 6,000 | 12,437 | 9,339 | 19,000 | 7,272 | - | 14,187 | 2,944 | | Spain | 27,170 | 25,182 | 23,733 | 27,688 | 27,921 | 25,409 | 28,349 | 29,428 | 31,081 | | UK (Engl.+Wales) | 68 | 6 | 70 | 88 | 123 | 753 | 20 | 924 | 430 | | USSR/Russia (1992-) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | Unallocated+discards | - | 1,500 | 2,563 | 5,011 | 700 | 2,038 | - | 3,583 | -2,944 | | Total | 38,686 | 43,496 | 46,396 | 54,186 | 53,709 | 35,500 | 28,709 | 48,269 | 40,930 | Table 9.4.3.6. Horse mackerel general. Catches (t) in Subarea VIII by country. (Data submitted by Working Group members). | Country | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | | Denmark | 1,728 | 4,818 | 2,584 | 582 | - | - | | - | 1,513 | | France | 1,844 | 74 | 7 | 5,316 | 13,676 | - | 2,161 | 3,540 | 3,944 | | Germany | 3,268 | 3,197 | 3,760 | 3,645 | 2,249 | 4,908 | 72 | 4,776 | 3,325 | | Ireland | - | - | 6,485 | 1,483 | 704 | 504 | 1,882 | 1,808 | 158 | | Lithuania Netherlands | 6,604 | 22,479 | 11,768 | 36,106 | 12,538 | 1,314 | 1,047 | 6,607 | 401 6,073 | | Russia | - | - | - | - | - | 6,620 | | | - | | Spain | 23,599 | 24,190 | 24,154 | 23,531 | 22,110 | 24,598 | 16,245 | 16,624 | 13,874 | | UK (Engl. + Wales) | 9 | 29 | 112 | 1,092 | 157 | 982 | 516 | 838 | 821 | | UK (Scotland) | - | - | 249 | - | - | - | | - | - | | Unallocated+discards | 1,884 | -8658 | 5,093 | 4,365 | 1,705 | 2,785 | 2,202 | 7,302 | 4,013 | | Total | 38,936 | 46,129 | 54,212 | 76,120 | 54,560 | 41,711 | 24,125 | 41,495 | 34,122 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Country | 2007 | 20081 | | | | | | | | | Denmark | 2,687 | 3,289 | | | | | | | | | France | 10,741 | 2,848 | | | | | | | | | Germany | - | 918 | | | | | | | | | Ireland | 694 | 246 | | | | | | | | | Lithuania Netherlands | - - | - 6,269 | | | | | | | | | Russia | - | - | | | | | | | | | Spain | 13,853 | 19,840 | | | | | | | | | UK (Engl. + Wales) | - | - | | | | | | | | | UK (Scotland) | - | - | | | | | | | | | Unallocated+discards | 412 | 482 | | | | | | | | | Total | 28,387 | 33,892 | | | | | | | | | 1Preliminary. 2Included in Subarea VII. |  | | Table 9.4.3.7. Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Divisions IIa, IVa, Vb, VIa, VIIa–c,e–k, and VIIIa–e (Western stock). Summary of stock assessment. |
Reference Point | | Type | Value | Technical basis | | Precautionary approach | Blim | 1.4 Mt | biomass that produced the extraordinary 1982 year class | | | Bpa | 1.8 Mt | Blim * e 1.645*0.16 (16 % is the CV of SSB 1982 estimate from 2008 assessment) | | | Flim | NA | | | | Fpa | NA | | | (Unchanged since:2008) | F reference points are undefined for this stock. Projection Given that the proposed management plan was for a period of 3 years starting in 2008 and that the TAC level was considered precautionary by ICES, no short-term forecast was conducted. The assessment suggests that the expected fishing mortality associated with a catch of 180 000 t in 2010 is likely to be low and that the SSB will remain above B pa. Scientific Advice Single-stock exploitation boundariesICES advises on the basis of exploitation boundaries in relation to management plans that the TAC of 180000 tonnes provided in the proposed management plan by the Pelagic RAC should be implemented in 2010.Exploitation boundaries in relation to existing management plansThe proposed management plan provides for a TAC of 180000 tonnes for the period 2008–2010 which is expected to maintain SSB above Blim with a high probability. This TAC should apply to all areas where Western horse mackerel is caught (see table below). Exploitation boundaries in relation to the precautionary approachThe proposed management plan is consistent with the precautionary approach in the short term. Table 9.4.3.1. Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Divisions IIa, IVa, Vb, VIa, VIIa–c,e–k, and VIIIa–e (Western stock). Single-stock exploitation boundaries (advice), management, and catch/landings. | Year | ICES Advice | Predicted catch corresp. to advice2 | Agreed TAC1 | ICES Landings2 | Disc. Slip2 | ICES Catch2 | | 1987 | Not assessed | - | 155 | 157 | - | 157 | | 1988 | No increase in catches | 102 | 169 | 184 | 4 | 188 | | 1989 | If sustained catches required; TAC | 100 | 153 | 267 | 1 | 269 | | 1990 | TAC | ~200 | 203 | 363 | 10 | 373 | | 1991 | Within safe biological limits | - | 230 | 328 | 5 | 334 | | 1992 | Within safe biological limits | - | 250 | 369 | 2 | 371 | | 1993 | Within safe biological limits | - | 250 | 424 | 9 | 433 | | 1994 | Prudent not to increase F | - | 300 | 385 | 4 | 389 | | 1995 | Reduction in catch | - | 300 | 509 | 2 | 511 | | 1996 | Reduction in catch | - | 300 | 379 | 17 | 397 | | 1997 | Reduction in F | 173 | 300 | 440 | 3 | 443 | | 1998 | Reduction in F to 0.15 | 150 | 320 | 296 | 1 | 304 | | 1999 | Effectively limit catches to 200 000 t | <200 | 265 | 274 | - | 274 | | 2000 | Effectively limit catches to 200 000 t | <200 | 240 | 175 | - | 175 | | 2001 | Effectively limit catches to 224 000 t | <224 | 233 | 191 | - | 191 | | 2002 | Effectively limit catches to 98 000 t | <98 | 150 | 172 | - | 172 | | 2003 | Effectively limit catches to 113 000 t | <113 | 137 | 1903 | -3 | 1903 | | 2004 | Limit catches to less than 130 000 t | <130 | 137 | 1573 | 13 | 1583 | | 2005 | Limit catches to less than 150 000 t | <1503 | 137 | 182 | - | 182 | | 2006 | Limit catches to less than 150 000 t | <1503 | 137 | 155 | 0 | 155 | | 2007 | Limit catches to less than 150 000 t | <1503 | 137 | 123 | 0 | 123 | | 2008 | Follow proposed management plan | 1804 | 170 | 140 | 0 | 140 | | 2009 | Follow proposed management plan | 1804 | 170 | | | | | 2010 | Follow proposed management plan | 1804 | | | | | | Weights in ‘000 t. 1Division Vb (EU waters only), Subareas VI and VII, and Divisions VIIIa,b,d,e. 2Divisions IIa, IVa, Vb, VIa, VIIa–c, VIIe–k, and VIII a,b,d,e. 3Including Division VIIIc. 4 For the whole distribution area. | Management Management unit: Yes Management Objectives There are currently no explicit agreed management objectives for this stock. Following an EC request in 2007 to evaluate the consequences of the management plan proposed by the Pelagic RAC in July 2007 (see Appendix 9.4.3), ICES concluded that the proposed plan was consistent with the precautionary approach for a period of 3 years; i.e., it provides a basis for scientific advice for TACs in 2008–2010. However, the proposed management plan has yet to be formally adopted. Management Advice Management considerationsThe management plan proposed by the Pelagic RAC in 2007 makes use of the information available in the egg production surveys, and bases triennial TACs on the slope of the three previous egg production estimates. The proposed plan assumes that all catches are counted against the TAC. The advice for horse mackerel assumes that all catches are counted against the TAC for each stock separately. In 2009 and before, the TAC covered only part of the distribution and fishing areas (EU waters). ICES advises that the management areas correspond to the distribution areas which include all EU and Norwegian and Faroese waters where horse mackerel are caught. The table below summarizes TACs set, ICES advice, catch for 2008, and 2009 advice and TACs: From this table it can be seen that catches of the Southern horse mackerel and Western horse mackerel in 2008 are lower than the TACs and the ICES advice. In contrast, the catches of North Sea horse mackerel were 34.7 thousand tonnes following advice of 18 thousand tonnes in 2008. Most of the catch of North Sea horse mackerel is taken in ICES Division VIId. The key problem is that the TAC for the Western stock is allocated to this ICES division, but catches from this area are of North Sea horse mackerel. To ensure precautionary management of all the horse mackerel stocks, area TACs should be allocated according to the advice section of the table above. Specifically, three measures need to be taken: - The TAC for western horse mackerel should apply to all areas where western horse mackerel is caught (EU, Norwegian, and Faroese waters) and where necessary be subject to agreement.
- Catches from ICES Division VIId should be taken against a TAC for the North Sea stock.
- Catches taken in Division VIIIc need to be taken against a TAC for the western stock.
If the management area limits are revised, measures should be taken to ensure that misreporting of juvenile catch taken in Divisions VIIe,h and VIId (the latter then belonging to the North Sea stock management area) is minimized. Biological State and Trend | Spawning biomass in relation to precautionary limits | Fishing mortality in relation to precautionary limits | Fishing mortality in relation to highest yield | Fishing mortality in relation to agreed target | Comment | | Full reproductive capacity | Undefined | Undefined | Undefined | F reference points undefined. | Based on the most recent estimate of SSB (in 2009), ICES classifies the stock as having full reproductive capacity. In the absence of defined F reference points, the state of this stock cannot be evaluated with regard to fishing mortality. The outstanding 2001 year class contributed to marked increases in SSB in 2004 and 2005, and SSB has remained above 2.5 million tonnes since 2005. Fishing mortality in recent years is relatively low. Source of information ICES. 2009. Report of the ICES Advisory Committee, 2009. ICES Advice, 2009. |
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