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| Marine Resource Fact Sheet |
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| Sole - Skagerrak and Kattegat |
 | Sole in Division IIIa and Subdivisions 22-24 (Skagerrak, Kattegat and the Belts) |
| | Data Ownership | | This document provided, maintained and owned by International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) , is part of ICES Advice data collection. |
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| Related observations | Locate in inventory | | | | Species: | | FAO Names: en - Common sole, fr - Sole commune, es - Lenguado común, zh - 欧洲鳎 |
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| Geographic extent of Sole - Skagerrak and Kattegat
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| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas |
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| 27.3.a | Skagerrak and Kattegat (Division IIIa) |
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| Main Descriptors | Considered a single stock: Yes
Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional
Reference year: 2012 |
| Considered a single stock: A group of individuals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. It can be affected by random dispersal movements and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity. |
| Spatial Scale: Spatial scale contains a standard term such as Global, Regional (e.g. for the whole Atlantic), sub-regional (e.g. for a part of the Atlantic), national, local (for sub-national levels). |
| Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is
declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is
effectively the focus for the application of selected
management methods and measures, within the broader
framework of a management system. According to the FAO
Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management
Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery
identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant
to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be
organised around fisheries biological, geographic,
economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions ,
and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management
unit depends mainly on the FMP's management
objectives. |
| Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g.
"shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic
resource related with its spatial distribution. |
| Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic
resource according to the environmental group (e.g.
pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the
species belong. |
| Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | | | Habitat and Biology Depth zone: Shelf (50 m - 200 m). Vertical distribution: Demersal/Benthic. Sole is a nocturnal predator and therefore more susceptible to capture by fisheries at night than in daylight. Geographical Distribution Jurisdictional distribution: National Water Area Overview Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional
Ecoregion: North Sea
Geo References  | | Geographic extent of Sole - Skagerrak and Kattegat
| FAO Fishing Statistical Division Areas | 27.3.a: Skagerrak and Kattegat (Division IIIa) |
| | | | | | Intersecting Major FAO areas and LME areas |
The following area codes have been found as intersecting the distribution of Sole - Skagerrak and Kattegat Resource Structure Considered a single stock: Yes Exploitation The fisheriesSole is taken in a directed trawl fishery with bycatch of Nephrops, plaice and cod, the main season being in autumn–winter. In addition there is a directed gillnet fishery for sole, mainly in Skagerrak in spring and summer.
| Catch distribution |
Total landings (2011) =551 t, where 92% are landings (43% trawl, 41% gillnets, and 8% unknown) and 8% discards. |
Assessment Overall Assessment Results  | Figure 6.4.9.1 Sole in Division IIIa and Subdivisions 22–24. Summary of stock assessment (weights in ‘000 tonnes). 95% confidence limits indicated for recruitment, fishing mortality, and spawning-stock biomass. Top right: SSB and F over the years.  |
Assessment Model Quality considerationSampling of landings is complicated by the small total landings which are dispersed spatially. This affects the quality of the input data. Historically, the assessment has overestimated SSB and underestimated fishing mortality. Scientific basis
| Assessment type |
Age-based analytical stochastic assessment (SAM). |
| Input data |
One survey index (Fisherman-DTU Aqua survey); |
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three commercial cpue indices (official logbook trawlers, private logbook trawlers, and gillnetters). |
| Discards and bycatch |
Not included in the assessment. |
| Indicators |
None. |
| Other information |
Benchmark done in 2010 (WKFLAT 2010). |
Biological State and Trend Source of information The above excerpts are from the first two pages of the ICES advice, the supporting information to this advice can be read in full at the following reference: ICES. Sole in Division IIIa and Subdivisions 22–24 (Skagerrak, Kattegat, and the Belts). Report of the ICES Advisory Committee, 2012. ICES Advice, WKFLAT 2012.  http://www.ices.dk/committe/acom/comwork/report/2012/2012/sol-kask.pdf |
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