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Marine Resource Fact Sheet |
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| Data Ownership | This document provided, maintained and owned by Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) , is part of IOTC Stock Status Reports data collection. |
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Related observations | Locate in inventory | | Species: | FAO Names: en - Kawakawa, fr - Thonine orientale, es - Bacoreta oriental |
Fishery IndicatorsProduction: Catch |
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| Geographic extent of Kawakawa - Indian Ocean
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FAO Major Fishing Areas |
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51 | Indian Ocean, Western |
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57 | Indian Ocean, Eastern |
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Main Descriptors | Considered a single stock: Yes
Management unit: Yes Reference year: 2013 |
Considered a single stock: A group of individuals in a species occupying a well defined spatial range independent of other stocks of the same species. It can be affected by random dispersal movements and directed migrations due to seasonal or reproductive activity. |
Spatial Scale: Spatial scale contains a standard term such as Global, Regional (e.g. for the whole Atlantic), sub-regional (e.g. for a part of the Atlantic), national, local (for sub-national levels). |
Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is
declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is
effectively the focus for the application of selected
management methods and measures, within the broader
framework of a management system. According to the FAO
Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management
Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery
identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant
to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be
organised around fisheries biological, geographic,
economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions ,
and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management
unit depends mainly on the FMP's management
objectives. |
Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g.
"shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic
resource related with its spatial distribution. |
Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic
resource according to the environmental group (e.g.
pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the
species belong. |
Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | Biological State and Trend Habitat and Biology Climatic zone: Temperate; Tropical. Horizontal distribution: Oceanic. Vertical distribution: Pelagic. Geographical Distribution Jurisdictional distribution: Highly migratory Geo References  | Geographic extent of Kawakawa - Indian Ocean
FAO Major Fishing Areas | 51: Indian Ocean, Western | 57: Indian Ocean, Eastern |
| | | | Intersecting Major FAO areas and LME areas |
The following area codes have been found as intersecting the distribution of Kawakawa - Indian Ocean FAO Major Fishing Areas | 51:
Indian Ocean, Western | 57:
Indian Ocean, Eastern | Large Marine Ecosystem Areas (LME) | 30: Agulhas Current | 31: Somali Coastal Current | 32: Arabian Sea | 33: Red Sea | 34: Bay of Bengal | 38: Indonesian Sea | 39: North Australian Shelf | 42: Southeast Australian Shelf | 43: Southwest Australian Shelf | 44: West-Central Australian Shelf | 45: Northwest Australian Shelf |
Resource Structure Considered a single stock: Yes No information is available on stock structure of kawakawa in Indian Ocean. The IOTC coordinated Stock Structure Project, which commenced in early-2015, aims to supplement gaps in the existing knowledge on biological data, and in particular provide an insight on whether neritic tuna and tuna like species should be considered as a single Indian Ocean stock. Exploitation Fishery Indicators Type | Measure | Value | Unit | Time period |
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Production | Catch | 4684 | tonnes | Average 1950 - 1959 | Catch | 8852 | tonnes | Average 1960 - 1969 | Catch | 20306 | tonnes | Average 1970 - 1979 | Catch | 42583 | tonnes | Average 1980 - 1989 | Catch | 72905 | tonnes | Average 1990 - 1999 | Catch | 109853 | tonnes | Average 2000 - 2009 | Catch | 134952 | tonnes | 2008 | Catch | 140756 | tonnes | 2009 | Catch | 133127 | tonnes | 2010 | Catch | 155446 | tonnes | 2011 | Catch | 160991 | tonnes | 2012 | Catch | 168185 | tonnes | 2013 | Catch | 160059 | tonnes | 2014 | Catch | 157468 | tonnes | 2015 | Catch | 159168 | tonnes | 2016 | Catch | 168305 | tonnes | 2017 |
Assessment A stock assessment was not undertaken for kawakawa in 2016 and status is determined on the basis of the 2015 assessment. Three modelling methods, Optimised Catch-Only Method (OCOM), Catch-MSY and SS3 (Stock Synthesis) were used to assess the status of kawakawa in 2015. There was a divergence in the results from the three assessments and it was decided that the OCOM method was the most robust and so should be used for providing stock status advice. Results from the SS3 model were highly dependent on the pole and line CPUE series from the Maldives which forms only a small component of total Indian Ocean catches, so more CPUE series and better length data are needed to improve this approach. The Catch-MSY method was designed to estimate MSY rather than stock status and makes assumptions about the final depletion level, so the OCOM model, which makes fewer assumptions about final depletion, was considered more appropriate for generating management advice. Assessment Model Type: Biomass-aggregated Optimised Catch Only Method (OCOM) Assessment Model Type: Age-structured Stock Synthesis III (SS3) Scientific Advice Although the stock status is classified as not overfished and not subject to overfishing, the K2MSM showed that there is a 96% probability that biomass is below MSY levels and 100% probability that F>FMSY by 2016 and 2023 if catches are maintained at the 2013 levels. The modelled probabilities of the stock achieving levels consistent with the MSY reference points (e.g. SB > SBMSY and F<FMSY) in 2023 are 100% for a future constant catch at 80% of current catch levels in 2014, thus if the Commission wishes to recover the stock to levels above the MSY reference points, the Scientific Committee recommends that catches should be reduced by 20% of current levels. Management Management unit: Yes Source of information IOTC–SC21 2018. Report of the 21st Session of the IOTC Scientific Committee. Seychelles, 3 – 7 December 2018. IOTC–2018–SC21–R[E]: 250 pp. https://iotc.org/sites/default/files/documents/2019/02/IOTC-2018-SC21-RE_FINAL_DO_NOT_MODIFY_Rev1.pdf Bibliography All references to figures, tables and bibliography in the text are found within the source of information. |
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