Spain Freezer bottom trawl shrimp fishery - Mauritanian waters|
| | Spain Freezer bottom trawl shrimp fishery - Mauritanian waters |
Crevettiers congélateurs espagnols |
| Data Ownership | This document provided, maintained and owned by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , is part of CECAF Fisheries Reports - Spain data collection. |
| Fishery life cycleThis fishery terminated on 2012. more>> <<less Overview: The fleet is composed of freezer shrimp-trawlers traditionally based in the Spanish Port of Huelva (SW Iberian Peninsula). These vessels operate in Mauritanian waters through EU-licences, which have annual and renewable character. Most of these vessels have shared licences with other fishing grounds, as Guinea Bissau, Guinea (until 2008) or Senegal (until 2006). They carry out fishing trips of different duration, which can oscillate from one to three months. P. longirostris and F. notialis are the target species of this fishery, both together constituting 80% of the catches, being P. longirostris the most abundant (47%). Both species are fished in shallower shelf waters, while other species as A. varidens and C. maritae are caught in deeper fishing grounds, each one constituting the 6% of the total catches. The main by-catch species are Melicertus kerathurus, Aristeomorpha foliacea and Aristaeopsis edwardsiana. Fishing depths are different depending on the target species: < 60 m for F. notialis, 170-300 m for P. longirostris and 350-700 m for A. varidens and C. maritae. Spanish shrimpers usually alternate the use of outriggers and the classic bottom otter trawl with trawl doors (“baka” type), depending on the target species. Thus, outriggers are used to fish P. longirostris and F. notialis, usually during daylight hauls, while the classic bottom otter trawl with trawl doors is employed for a deeper fishery, especially targeting A. varidens and C. maritae. These last deep hauls are usually made at night. Catches are frozen and transferred to merchant vessels, which transport them to the Port of Huelva. Main crustacean species are classified by sizes after their catches and commercialized in different categories. Greater yields of P. longirostris are obtained during the first six months of the year. During the summer the fishery especially targets F. notialis, as it occurs in November and December, after the close season. Maximum yields of both species are obtained during these two months. Nowadays, this fleet is allowed to fish in Mauritanian waters north of Cap Timiris (19º15.6’N), out of the protected area delimited in the Fishery Agreement and South Cap Timiris, beyond 6 miles.
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| History The shrimp Spanish fishery in Mauritanian waters have been traditionally developed into the framework of fisheries agreements. The first one was signed by the Spanish Administration and Mauritania in 1964. Since 1987, these agreements have been negotiated and established through the EU. Fishing Activity Type of production system: Commercial; Industrial Fishery Area Climatic zone: Temperate. Bottom type: Soft bottom clean sand; Soft bottom muddy or muddy-sand. Depth zone: Coastal (0 m - 50 m); Shelf (50 m - 200 m); Slope (200 m - 1000 m). Horizontal distribution: Neritic. Vertical distribution: Demersal/Benthic. Geo References for: Mauritania Mauritania
Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ) | MRT - Mauritania | FAO Fishing Statistical Subdivisions | 34.3.11 - Atlantic, East central / 34.3.11 |
More Geo References The following area codes have been found as intersecting the location of Spain Freezer bottom trawl shrimp fishery - Mauritanian watersThe Mauritanian coast is part of one of the four major trade-wind driven continental margin upwelling zones in the world oceans, the northwestern African upwelling system (or the Canary Current System). In the Eastern Central Atlantic, the dynamics of an eastern boundary current interacting with trade wind-driven upwelling control this marine ecosystem with exceptionally high primary and secondary productivity (Cury and Roy, 1989; Binet, 1997; Demarcq and Faure, 2000). The upwelling off Mauritania is being described as a wind driven upwelling system restricted to a narrow strip along the coast. It can be separated into two regimes: south of approximately 20ºN upwelling is most pronounced during winter and spring, whereas upwelling north of 20ºN occurs all year round with a maximum intensity in summer and early fall (Mittelstaedt, 1991). The marked seasonality of upwellings and the latitudinal displacement through the Mauritanian and Senegalese coasts, produce important changes in the structure of the biological communities. In short periods (weeks), the system can alternate from a warm equatorial phase to a cold subtropical phase, this deriving in an alternated dominance between tropical and templates communities (Meiners, 2007). Off Cape Blanc the upwelling occurs throughout the year with periods of stronger intensity, while it lasts nine months off Nouakchott. Resources Exploited Deepwater rose shrimp - Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaSouthern pink shrimp - Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaStriped red shrimp - Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaCaramote prawn - Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaGiant red shrimp - Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaSenegal hake, Benguela hake - Mauritania, Senegal and GambiaOctopus - MauritaniaCuttlefish - Morocco, Mauritania Senegal and GambiaOther resources: Stocks of plesionika shrimps, aristaeidae, anglers, soles, flounders, sharks and rosefishes. Associated Species (Bycatch) Discarded Species (Bycatch) Chlorophthalmus atlanticus Juveniles (commercial species) or unspecified (other species) Vessel Type Stern trawlers freezerOutrigger trawlersFlag State Spain Average characteristics of these vessels are 30 m length, 148 GRT and 625 h.p. Catch Handling and Processing Equipment Freezing. Catches are classified in commercial categories (from 0 to 8), depending on their size, and frozen on board. Crew 15-18 persons (Spanish, Mauritanian and Senegalese nationality) (2009) Fleet segment Bottom otter trawl targeting crustaceans with minimum 40 mm mesh size Fishing Gear Single boat bottom otter trawlsThese shrimpers usually alternate the use of outriggers and the classic bottom otter trawl with trawl doors (“baka” type), depending on the target species. Thus, outriggers are used to fish P. longirostris and F. notialis, usually during daylight hauls, while the classic bottom otter trawl with trawl doors is employed for a deeper fishery, especially targeting A. varidens and C. maritae. These last deep hauls are usually made at night. Seasonality November-April and July-August Trip Duration 30-90 fishing days Ports Huelva (SW Iberian Peninsula) Fishery Indicators Type | Measure | Value | Unit | Time period |
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Nominal Effort | Number of vessels | 25 | vessels | 2008 | Participation | Number of fishermen | 375-450 | persons | 2009 | Production | Catch total | 3969 | tonnes | 2004-2008 | Catch P. longirostris | 2496 | tonnes | 2004-2008 | Catch F. notialis | 1027 | tonnes | 2004-2008 | Catch A. varidens | 111 | tonnes | 2004-2008 | Catch C.maritae | 37 | tonnes | 2004-2008 | Catch other crustaceans | 56 | tonnes | 2004-2008 | Catch fishes and cephalopods | 242 | tonnes | 2004-2008 |
Post Harvest Fish Utilisation Wholesale and exportation Markets Huelva (SW Iberian Peninsula) Management Management unit: No Jurisdictional framework Management Body/Authority(ies): Ministère des pêches et de l'économie maritime Mandate: Management. Area under national jurisdiction: Mauritania Maritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ). Management Body/Authority(ies): European Union Mandate: Flag state responsibility for its fishing vessels operating in foreign area under national jurisdiction. Area under national jurisdiction: Mauritania Maritime Area: Exclusive Economic Zone Areas (EEZ). Legal definition Vessels fishing for crustaceans other than spiny lobster and crab Management Regime Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (for the period 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2012) (OJ L 203, 31.07.2008, p. 4–59). Management measures of the Spanish crustacean trawlers fishery are included in the current Fishery Agreement between the European Community and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (OJ L 203, 31.07.2008, p. 4–59) under the fishing category number 1: “Vessels fishing for crustaceans other than spiny lobster and crab”. Fishing agreement expired in July 2012. The new fishing agreement is in the ratification process by the European Parliament. Management Methods Conservation and management measures with focus on Effort control (licences system), catch control and fish size limits More information on fisheries legislation at: FAOLEX legislative database Status and Trends The yields have been relatively stable during the last ten years, showing inter-annual fluctuations, typical of short-life species as the targeted crustaceans. An effort reduction has occurred from 2004 onwards. Source of Information Binet, D., 1997. Climate and pelagic fisheries in the Canary and Guinea currents 1964–1993: the role of trade winds and the southern oscillation. Ocean. Acta 20, 177–190. Cury, P. and C. Roy, 1989. Optimal environmental window and pelagic fish recruitment success in upwelling areas. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46, 670–680. Demarcq, H. and V. Faure, 2000. Coastal upwelling and associated retention indices derived from satellite SST. Application to Octopus vulgaris recruitment. Ocean. Acta 23, 391–408. Diop, M., I. Sobrino, L. Fernández, T. García et A. Ramos. 2004. Evolution des prises accesoires des pêcheries spécialisées crevettière et merluttière dans les eaux mauritaniennes de 1950 à nos tours. Chavance P., M. Bâ, D. Gascuel, J. M. Vakily & D. Pauly (eds.) Rapports de recherche halieutique ACP-UE Fisheries, 139-152. Bruselas. FAO, 2006a. Report of the FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal resources. Conakry, 19-29 September 2003. CECAF/ECAF Series 06/67. FAO. Rome: 357 pp. FAO, 2006b. Report of the FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal resources. Subgroup North. Saly, Senegal, 14-23 September 2004. CECAF/ECAF Series 06/68. FAO. Rome: 219 pp. FAO, 2007. Report of the FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal resources. Subgroup North. Banjul, The Gambia. CECAF/ECAF Series. FAO. Roma (in press). Meiners, C. 2007. Importancia de la variabilidad climática en las pesquerías y biología de la merluza europea Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) de la costa Noroccidental Africana. Tesis Doctoral, 187 pp. IEO-Univ. Politécnica de Cataluña. Mittelstaedt, E., 1991. The ocean boundary along the northwest African coast. Circulation and oceanographic properties at the sea surface. Progress in Oceanography 26, 307–355. Official Journal of the European Union, 2008. Protocol setting out the fishing opportunities and financial contribution provided for in the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania for the period 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2012. OJ L 203, 31.07.2008, p. 4–59. Sobrino, I. and T. García, 1991. Análisis y descripción de las pesquerías de crustáceos decápodos en aguas de la República Islámica de Mauritania durante el periodo 1987-1990. Inf. Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 112: 38 pp. Sobrino, I. and T. García, 1997. Análisis de los descartes producidos por la flota española en la pesquería de crustáceos decápodos en aguas de la República Islámica de Mauritania. Inf. Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 166: 24 pp. |
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