ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FISHERIES

The fisheries are not conducted by vessel using bottom contacting gear.

There are not significant levels of bycatches in the fisheries.

NEAFC’s request to ICES for scientific advice reads in part as follows:

”The recurring advice shall include information on the state of marine ecosystems and human impacts including historical developments in main parameters and information on the present state and recent development of stocks. The recurrent advice shall provide information on state of stocks and fisheries including - when available - historical developments in spawning stock biomass, total stock biomass, fishing mortality as well as landings and discards in the NEAFC regulatory area and within EEZs.”

“When providing its advice regarding fisheries ICES shall take account of all available information and the context of fisheries management including information from the fishing industry, ecosystem considerations, environment and hydrographical conditions, regulations in force that affect fisheries, factors affecting fishing operations and information about the fisheries, development of fisheries technology and relevant performance changes and other relevant factors that affect fishing or fish stocks.”

“If agreed management plans or recovery plans exist which ICES does not consider in accordance with the criteria defined in the NEAFC Convention or if no agreed management plans exist, ICES shall advice on management measures (including options for management plans) which ICES finds in accordance with the NEAFC Convention. If significantly different, the advice shall be given separately for a risk avoidance approach, based on the Precautionary Approach, and an MSY approach within the limitations of the Precautionary Approach. The short term implications of such measures shall be provided.”

“The advice shall be based on an ecosystem approach. This will be implemented incrementally so that any information on the interactions between fisheries, the fish stocks and the marine ecosystem is considered and incorporated in the advice as it becomes available; specifically, taking ecosystem and environmental considerations into account when providing the recurring advice mentioned above, ICES will:

Assess the extent to which fishing disturbs the marine ecosystems and, where reference levels have been established, compare the impact to the reference level chosen.

Provide any new information regarding the impact of fisheries on other components of the ecosystem including small cetaceans and other marine mammals, sea birds and sensitive habitats.

Inform NEAFC of any notable impact of other factors on and imbalances in ecosystem structure that may prejudice the stocks of commercially valuable species and its long term exploitation;

Propose reference points as guidance for management purposes in an ecosystem context.

ICES will in addition give warnings of any serious threats from fishing activities alone or in conjunction with any other relevant activity to local ecosystems or species as soon as ICES is aware of such threats.”

The full request for advice is available on the NEAFC website (https://www.neafc.org/system/files/AM-2016-80-Rev.1_Request-to-ICES-for-advice%20final.pdf).

The fishery is regulated under NEAFC jurisdictional framework / management regime.



Fisheries for Norwegian spring spawning (Atlanto-Scandian) herring in 2017 are managed through legally binding conservation and management measures adopted by NEAFC, Recommendation 3/2017 (http://www.neafc.org/system/files/Rec.3%20-%20Herring.pdf). These measures are based on an agreement among the coastal States, which applies to areas under national jurisdiction.

The management is based on setting total allowable catches as 646,075 tonnes for 2017. This is in accordance with the scientific advice from ICES, which can be found on the ICES website (http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Advice/2016/2016/her-noss.pdf).

The EU, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, and Russia agreed in 1999 on a long-term management plan. This plan consists of the following elements:

Every effort shall be made to maintain a level of Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) greater than the critical level (Blim) of 2 500 000 t.

For the year 2001 and subsequent years, the Parties agreed to restrict their fishing on the basis of a TAC consistent with a fishing mortality rate of less than 0.125 for appropriate age groups as defined by ICES, unless future scientific advice requires modification of this fishing mortality rate.

Should the SSB fall below a reference point of 5 000 000 t (Bpa), the fishing mortality rate referred to under paragraph 2, shall be adapted in the light of scientific estimates of the conditions to ensure a safe and rapid recovery of the SSB to a level in excess of 5 000 000 t. The basis for such an adaptation should be at least a linear reduction in the fishing mortality rate from 0.125 at Bpa (5 000 000 t) to 0.05 at Blim (2 500 000 t).

The Parties shall, as appropriate, review and revise these management measures and strategies on the basis of any new advice provided by ICES.

As is stated in the latest ICES advice referred to above, “ICES has evaluated the plan and concluded that it is consistent with the precautionary approach”.

NEAFC’s Permanent Committee on Monitoring and Compliance reports annually to the NEAFC Commission on compliance by the Contracting Parties with Recommendations adopted by NEAFC. The latest such compliance report, relating to the year 2015, can be found on the NEAFC website (https://www.neafc.org/system/files/AM-2016-50_Compliance-Report-2015_final.pdf).

Information provided by the NEAFC Secretariat.

Sources referred to in this fact sheet are (in the order they are referred to):