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Madeiran sardinella - Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin
Fact Sheet Title  Fact Sheet
CECAF Scientific advice 2020
Madeiran sardinella - Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin
Fact Sheet Citation  
Sardinelle plate (Sardinella maderensis) - stock ouest (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo et Bénin); Flat sardinella (Sardinella maderensis) - western stock (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin)
Owned byFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – ownership
Monitoring Monitoring Evolution: Sardinellas - Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin
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ident Blockident Blockdisplay tree map
 
Species List:
Species Ref: en - Madeiran sardinella, fr - Grande allache, es - Machuelo

Fishery Indicators
Production: Catch
ident Block Madeiran sardinella - Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin
Aq Res
Biological Stock: Yes         Value: Regional
Management unit: No        Reference year: 2017
 
 
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State Trend Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State TrendFcur/F0.1 = 787%; Fcur/FMSY = 708%Not applicable
Aq Res State TrendBcur/B0.1 = 9%Not applicable
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State TrendOverexploited

Fcur/F0.1: Ratio between the observed fishing mortality coefficient during the last year of the series and F0.1.
Fcur/FMSY: Ratio between the observed fishing mortality coefficient during the last year of the series and the coefficient that would give a maximum sustainable yield over the long term.
Bcur/B0.1: Ratio between the estimated biomass for the last year and the biomass corresponding to F0.1.
Unless otherwise indicated, the indicators were based on the Schaefer dynamic production stock assessment model.
Habitat Bio
Climatic Zone: Tropical.   Depth Zone: Coastal (0 m - 50 m); Shelf (50 m - 200 m); Slope (200 m - 1000 m).   Vertical Dist: Pelagic.  

Geo Dist
Geo Dist: Shared between nations

Water Area Overview
Spatial Scale: Regional

Water Area Overview
Aq Res Struct
Biological Stock: Yes


Sardinellas caught in the southern CECAF area from Guinea to Angola are composed of two species, round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and flat sardinella (Sardinella maderensis), however they are commonly not distinguished in catch reporting. The surveys carried out in the CECAF area show that sardinella is found in a vast area stretching from the North to South of all area. For the moment, the FAO/CECAF Working Group has agreed on the existence of four stocks for these two species in the southern CECAF area: northern zone (Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia), western zone (Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, Ghana, Togo and Benin), central zone (Nigeria and Cameroon) and southern zone (Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Congo and Angola) areas (Figure 2.1.1).
Exploit
 

CATCH AND EFFORT: -WESTERN STOCK- Peak catches of the two species occur in June–September, which coincides with the major upwelling period in the area. Fishing effort on sardinella in this region is mainly from the artisanal sector. Ghana has the largest series of effort for sardinella in the region, from 1990 to 2017 for the artisanal fishery. The catch appears to be stable between 1992 and 2000, followed by fluctuations around 80 000 tonnes. In general, catches of the western stock of round sardinella showed a declining trend from 2004 to 2017.
CPUE: The CPUE for the artisanal and industrial fisheries was calculated separately for the two sardinella species (S. auritaand S. maderensis) and stocks. Owing to data collection bottlenecks, the two sardinella species are not reported separately for the northern stock (Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Liberia); where they are reported as Sardinella spp. Therefore, the CPUE for Sardinella spp. was also calculated. The two species were also combined to harmonize assessment for the south and central stocks (Figure 2.3.1a, Figure 2.3.1b, Figure 2.3.1c, Figure 2.3.1d, Figure 2.3.1e, and Figure 2.3.1f, and Table 2.3.1a, Table 2.3.1b, and Table 2.3.1c).
-WESTERN STOCK- In general, the CPUE for flat sardinella in the region is very low and shows fluctuating trends. Same trend was observed in Côte d’Ivoire’s industrial fisheries but with a peak in 2005. The CPUE trend for Ghana’s artisanal fisheries is stable from 1990 to 2003, followed by fluctuating trends with a drop in 2007, but then increased progressively until 2012 with fluctuating trends until 2017. The CPUE trend for Togo’s artisanal fisheries shows a fluctuating and a decreasing trend after 2007. The CPUE trend for Benin’s artisanal fisheries fluctuated and reached high levels in 2005–2008, but it has however been stable from 2013 to 2016 (Figure 2.3.1c, Figure 2.3.1d, and Table 2.3.1b).
Benin Artisanal net small pelagic fishery - coastal zone within 5 nm
Côte d`Ivoire Industrial sardine fishery - Shelf area
Fishery Indicators
TypeMeasureValueUnitTime period
ProductionCatch 16166tonnes1990
Catch 8951tonnes1991
Catch 14667tonnes1992
Catch 17241tonnes1993
Catch 13225tonnes1994
Catch 13605tonnes1995
Catch 14326tonnes1996
Catch 16186tonnes1997
Catch 17467tonnes1998
Catch 15095tonnes1999
Catch 17527tonnes2000
Catch 20886tonnes2001
Catch 16886tonnes2002
Catch 17977tonnes2003
Catch 29836tonnes2004
Catch 16454tonnes2005
Catch 27279tonnes2006
Catch 14823tonnes2007
Catch 17557tonnes2008
Catch 8209tonnes2009
Catch 13577tonnes2010
Catch 11570tonnes2011
Catch 13855tonnes2012
Catch 10973tonnes2013
Catch 8184tonnes2014
Catch 8740tonnes2015
Catch 16033tonnes2016
Catch 10717tonnes2017
Bio Assess
 

Assessment year: 2018
The CECAF Working Groups have adopted the following Biological Reference Points (BRPs):
- Limit Reference points: BMSY and FMSY
- Target Reference Points: B0.1 and F0.1
Stock status is assigned based on current estimates of fishing mortality (Fcur) and biomass (Bcur) relative to these target and limit reference points (Bcur/BMSY, Fcur/FMSY, Bcur/B0.1, Fcur/F0.1). The results from the stock assessment of this stock are found under the “Biological state and trend section”.
Data

The input data were the total catch data on round sardinella (S. aurita) and flat sardinella (S. maderensis) from the artisanal, semi–industrial and industrial fisheries for the period 1990–2017. The CPUE of Ghana’s artisanal fishery was used in the assessment for round sardinella (1990–2017) and Ghana’s artisanal CPUE was used for flat sardinella (1990–2017). The initial input parameters for the assessment of the stock were as follows: Sardinella manderensis: r = 0.5/year, K = 150 000 tonnes and BI/K = 60 percent.
Assess Models
Type:  Biomass-aggregated
Schaefer dynamic production model

The dynamic production model implemented on an Excel spreadsheet was used (FAO, 2013) for all stocks and Cote d’Ivoire tried to assess aurita with LCA and yield per recruit model.
Results

RESULTS: The model fit was adequate for all the above stocks (Figure 2.6.1b and Figure 2.6.1c). A summary of the results of the assessments is presented in Table 2.6.1b.
The model also fitted reasonably well the data for flat sardinella (Table 2.6.1b). The current biomass is 9 percent of the B0.1 and the current fishing mortality is 378 percent higher than the fishing mortality that will bring the stock to a sustainable level (Fcur/FSYcur).
DISCUSSION: The results of the assessment of S. maderensis (flat sardinella) show that the stock is overexploited and near collapse. Given that this species is caught together with round sardinella, which is considered also overexploited and near collapse, there is a need for a closure of the sardinella fishery to allow the stocks to recover.
Sci Advice

The Working Group considers the stock is in very bad condition, near collapse, and the fishery should be closed (FAO, 2020).
Management
Management unit: No
Sources
 
FAO. 2019. Report of the FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Small Pelagic Fish – Subgroup South. Elmina, Ghana, 12-20 September 2018. Rapport du Groupe de travail FAO/COPACE sur l’évaluation des petits poissons pélagiques – Sous-groupe Sud. Elmina, Ghana, 12-20 septembre 2018. CECAF/ECAF Series/COPACE/PACE Séries No. 19/81. Rome.  Click to openhttp://www.fao.org/3/ca5402b/ca5402b.pdf
FAO. 2019. Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic, Report of the eighth session of the Scientific Sub-Committee, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, 23–26 October 2018 / Comité des pêches pour l’Atlantique Centre-Est Rapport de la huitième session du Sous-Comité scientifique, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, 23–26 octobre 2018. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report / FAO Rapport sur les pêches et l’aquaculture No. 1265. Rome.  Click to openhttp://www.fao.org/3/ca5623b/ca5623b.pdf
FAO. 2020. Report of the Twenty-Second Session of the Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic, Libreville, Gabon, 17–19 September 2019. Rapport de la vingt-deuxième session du comité des pêches pour l’Atlantique centre-est, Libreville, Gabon, 17–19 septembre 2019. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report / FAO, Rapport sur les pêches et l’aquaculture No. 1303. Rome.  Click to openhttp://www.fao.org/3/ca8000b/CA8000B.pdf
Bibliography
 
All references to figures, tables and bibliography in the text are found within the source of information.
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