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Fourwing flyingfish - Eastern Caribbean
Fact Sheet Title  Fact Sheet
Status of stocks and resources 2008
Fourwing flyingfish - Eastern Caribbean
Fact Sheet Citation  
Fourwing flyingfish in the eastern Caribbean (Barbados, Dominica, Tobago, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Owned byFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – ownership
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Species List:
Species Ref: en - Fourwing flyingfish, fr - Exocet hirondelle, es - Volador golondrina
ident Block Fourwing flyingfish - Eastern Caribbean
Aq Res
Biological Stock: Yes         Value: Sub-Regional
Reference year: 2007
 
 
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State Trend Aq Res State Trend
Aq Res State TrendF/Fmsy = 0.17 (median)No or low fishing mortality
Aq Res State TrendB/Bmsy = 2.71 (median)Pre-exploitation biomass or high abundance

The 90 percent confidence interval for B/BMSY and F/FMSY exclude 1.0, indicating that there is only a very small chance that the stock was being overexploited in 2007. The stock assessment suggests that the stock is not overfished and that overfishing is not occurring. The catch rates have remained stable overall in the time series as catches have increased. Given the potential stock area, and estimates of a relatively large stock size from tagging and survey estimates, it is likely that the potential yield exceeds total catches taken throughout the history of the fishery.
Habitat Bio
Climatic Zone: Tropical.   Vertical Dist: Pelagic.  

Geo Dist
Geo Dist: Unspecified

Water Area Overview
Spatial Scale: Sub-Regional

Water Area Overview
Aq Res Struct
Biological Stock: Yes
Bio Assess
 

The stock assessment model chosen to represent the dynamics was the Beverton and Holt model. As this is an annual species, and the catches and catch per unit effort index refers to the stock when it is actually spawning, it is believed that a simple stock recruitment relationship would capture the species dynamics from year to year. A different model might be developed for within-year dynamics, but data are not sufficient to support this.
Data

Total catches were compiled from Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, and Tobago. These catches were considered by the working group to be the best estimates available, but were probably not highly accurate. In particular, catches used for bait are poorly recorded and the working group spent considerable time estimating these. It is likely that bait could be a significant use of this resource. Catch and effort data were available from Barbados, Tobago and Saint Lucia. These data were combined into a single standardized index of abundance using a generalized linear model. While it is thought that catch per unit effort should be linearly related to stock size, this could not be verified at the meeting.
Assess Models
Type:  Biomass-aggregated
Beverton and Holt stock recruitment model
Results

The model and assessment have not been fully tested. No sensitivity analyses were carried out. The model appears to fit the data reasonably well and the population behaves as expected. However, further development of this model is required, including rigorous testing to ensure the management advice is sound.
Sci Advice

There is no immediate action required by management to conserve the stock, unless there is a significant increase in catches.
A catch trigger point of 5000 tonnes should be established when action may be taken to ensure the stock does not become overfished. The trigger point defines when further management action should be undertaken. The maximum recorded catch has been 4700 tonnes. The assessment indicates that any fisheries development exceeding 5 000 tonnes would have unpredictable consequences. Among the actions that should be taken if catches rise to, or above, the trigger point, are a freeze on further fishery development until a full scientific reassessment of the stock has been completed. An improved stock assessment may lead to further international fishing controls. The most significant uncertainty in the current assessment stems from the poor data available on catches and effort. Improved data collection and monitoring is required to ensure sustainable use of this and other fishery resources.

Sources
 
FAO Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. Report of the Third Meeting of the WECAFC Ad Hoc Flyingfish Working Group of the Eastern Caribbean. Mount Irvine, Tobago, 21–25 July 2008. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report. No. 929. Rome, FAO. 2010. 88p. Click to openhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1602e/i1602e00.pdf
Bibliography
 
All references to figures, tables and bibliography in the text are found within the source of information.
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