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Fact Sheet Title Fact Sheet |
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American Plaice - Grand Bank |
American plaice in Div. 3LNO |
| Data Ownership | This document provided, maintained and owned by Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) , is part of NAFO Summary Sheets data collection. |
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ident Block | ident Block | | Species List: | Species Ref: en - Amer. plaice(=Long rough dab), fr - Balai(=Plie canadienne), es - Platija americana, ar - هوشع كندي, zh - 拟庸鲽, ru - Камбала-ерш |
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| ident Block American Plaice - Grand Bank
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fao Div |
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21.3.L | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.L |
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21.3.N | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.N |
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21.3.O | Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.O |
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Aq Res | Biological Stock: Yes
Value: Regional Management unit: Yes
Reference year: 2020
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Considered a management unit: An aquatic resource or fishery is
declared as [Fishery] Management Unit if it is
effectively the focus for the application of selected
management methods and measures, within the broader
framework of a management system. According to the FAO
Glossary for Responsible Fishing, "a Fishery Management
Unit (FMU) is a fishery or a portion of a fishery
identified in a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) relevant
to the FMP's management objectives." FMU's may be
organised around fisheries biological, geographic,
economic, technical, social or ecological dimensions ,
and the makeup and attribute of a fishery management
unit depends mainly on the FMP's management
objectives. |
Jurisdictional distribution: Jurisdictional qualifier (e.g.
"shared", "shared - highly migratory") of the aquatic
resource related with its spatial distribution. |
Environmental group: Classification of the aquatic
resource according to the environmental group (e.g.
pelagic invertebrate, or demersal fish) to which the
species belong. |
Reference Year: The Reference Year is the last year considered in the stock assessment and/or fishery status. |
| | | | Aq Res State Trend Fishing mortality increased from the late 1990s to 2015 and has subsequently declined. Recruitment has been very low in the last two decades. The stock remains low compared to historic levels and is presently considered to be below Blim. Habitat Bio Climatic Zone: Temperate. Bottom Type: Unspecified. Depth Zone: Slope - Deepslope (500 m - 1000 m). Horizontal Dist: Neritic. Vertical Dist: Demersal/Benthic. Geo Dist Geo Dist: Straddling between High Seas and EEZ Water Area Overview | Water Area Overview American Plaice - Grand Bank
fao Div | 21.3.L: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.L | 21.3.N: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.N | 21.3.O: Atlantic, Northwest / 21.3.O |
| | | | Water Area Overview |
Water Area OverviewAmerican Plaice - Grand Bank Aq Res Struct Biological Stock: Yes Exploit The stock has been under moratorium since 1995. American plaice in recent years is caught as bycatch mainly in otter trawl fisheries of yellowtail flounder, skate and redfish. Recent catch estimates and TACs are: Effects of the fishery on the ecosystemNo specific information is available. There is no directed fishery for this stock. General impacts of fishing gears on the ecosystem should be considered. Areas within Divs. 3LNO have been closed to protect sponges and coral. Bio Assess Results Ref Point Blim: 50 000 t of spawning biomass (Scientific Council Report, 2003) Bmsy: 242 000 t of spawning biomass (Scientific Council Report 2011) Flim: 0.31 (Scientific Council Report, 2011) Projection Due to model instability, projections were not completed for this stock. There is considered to be low potential for stock growth. Assess Models Analytical assessment Results An analytical assessment using the ADAPTive framework tuned to the Canadian 3LNO spring, Canadian 3LNO autumn and the EU-Spain Div. 3NO survey is used for this stock. While results are considered by SC to indicative of stock trends, the absolute magnitude of population estimates from this model was not accepted by SC given a large retrospective pattern that consistently and significantly overestimates SSB and underestimates F. Several formulations of the ADAPT VPA with increases in the natural mortality assumption since at least 2005 were also considered. In addition, results of two independent populations models – a State-Space Model and a Spatial SURBA – were presented. Overall stock trends were consistent across models and support the conclusions of stock status from the base ADAPT. The next full assessment is scheduled for 2024. Fishing MortalityRecruitmentBiomassThe multiple lines shown in the graphs correspond to alternate models and model formulations considered by SC. The black line indicates the base run of the ADAPT VPA. Human impactMainly fishery related mortality. Other sources (e.g. pollution, shipping, oil-industry) are undocumented. Biological and environmental interactionsCapelin and sandlance as well as other fish and invertebrates are important prey items for American plaice. There has been a decrease in age at 50% maturity over time, possibly brought about by some interaction between fishing pressure and environmental/ecosystem changes during that period. The Grand Bank (3LNO) EPU is currently experiencing low productivity conditions and biomass has declined across multiple trophic levels and stocks since 2014. Sci Advice Special CommentsSC has identified a need to undertake a benchmark process to develop a new modelling framework for this stock. From the early 2000s to around 2015, there was an increase in fishing mortality, and there is evidence of a concurrent increase in natural mortality. The combined impact of these factors is impeding recovery of this stock. There is a tendency to overestimate SSB and underestimate F in the assessment model. In the current assessment there is a substantial downwards (47%) revision of the SSB in 2016, relative to the 2016 assessment. Management Management unit: Yes Advice Recommendation for 2022 - 2024Scientific Council recommends that, in accordance with the rebuilding plan, there should be no directed fishing on American plaice in Div. 3LNO in 2022, 2023 and 2024. Bycatch of American plaice should be kept to the lowest possible level and restricted to unavoidable bycatch in fisheries directing for other species. Objectives In 2011 FC adopted an “Interim 3LNO American Plaice Conservation Plan and Rebuilding Strategy” (FC Doc. 11/21). There is a Harvest Control Rule (HCR) in place for this stock. Stock definition for management purposesThe management unit is NAFO Divisions 3LNO. The stock is distributed throughout Div. 3LNO but historically most of the biomass was found in Div. 3L. Sources Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Scientific Council Documents. SCS Doc. 18/05, 18/06, 18/07, 18/08, 18/13, 18/14, 18/15 and SCR Doc. 18/11, 18/17, 18/18, 18/19. https://www.nafo.int/Library/Science/SC-DocumentsNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO). 2021. Report of the Scientific Council Meeting, 27 May -11 June 2021. NAFO SCS Doc. 21/14Rev. https://www.nafo.int/Portals/0/PDFs/sc/2021/scs21-14REV.pdfNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO). 2011. Interim 3LNO American Plaice Conservation Plan and Rebuilding Strategy. 33rd Annual Meeting – September 2011. NAFO/FC Doc. 11/21. https://www.nafo.int/Portals/0/PDFs/fc/2011/fcdoc11-21.pdf |
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